A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
A Search for Pulsars around Sgr A* in the First Event Horizon Telescope Data Set
Authors: Torne P, Liu K, Eatough RP, Wongphechauxsorn J, Cordes JM, Desvignes G, De Laurentis M, Kramer M, Ransom SM, Chatterjee S, Wharton R, Karuppusamy R, Blackburn L, Janssen M, Chan C, Crew B, Matthews LD, Goddi C, Rottmann H, Wagner J, Sánchez S, Ruiz I, Abbate F, Bower GC, Salamanca JJ, Gómez-Ruiz AI, Herrera-Aguilar A, Jiang W, Lu R, Pen U, Raymond AW, Shao L, Shen Z, Paubert G, Sanchez-Portal M, Kramer C, Castillo M, Navarro S, John D, Schuster K, Johnson MD, Rygl KLJ, Akiyama K, Alberdi A, Alef W, Algaba JC, Anantua R, Asada K, Azulay R, Bach U, Baczko A, Ball D, Baloković M, Barrett J, Bauböck M, Benson BA, Bintley D, Blundell R, Bouman KL, Boyce H, Bremer M, Brinkerink CD, Brissenden R, Britzen S, Broderick AE, Broguiere D, Bronzwaer T, Bustamante S, Byun D, Carlstrom JE, Ceccobello C, Chael A, Chang DO, Chatterjee K, Chen M, Chen Y, Cheng X, Cho I, Christian P, Conroy NS, Conway JE, Crawford TM, Cruz-Osorio A, Cui Y, Dahale R, Davelaar J, Deane R, Dempsey J, Dexter J, Dhruv V, Doeleman SS, Dougal S, Dzib SA, Emami R, Falcke H, Farah J, Fish VL, Fomalont E, Ford HA, Foschi M, Fraga-Encinas R, Freeman WT, Friberg P, Fromm CM, Fuentes A, Galison P, Gammie CF, García R, Gentaz O, Georgiev B, Gold R, Gómez JL, Gu M, Gurwell M, Hada K, Haggard D, Haworth K, Hecht MH, Hesper R, Heumann D, Ho LC, Ho P, Honma M, Huang CL, Huang L, Hughes DH, Ikeda S, Impellizzeri CMV, Inoue M, Issaoun S, James DJ, Jannuzi BT, Jeter B, Jiménez-Rosales A, Jorstad S, Joshi AV, Jung T, Karami M, Kawashima T, Keating GK, Kettenis M, Kim D, Kim J, Kim J, Kim J, Kino M, Koay JY, Kocherlakota P, Kofuji Y, Koyama S, Krichbaum TP, Kuo C, La Bella N, Lauer TR, Lee D, Lee S, Leung PK, Levis A, Li Z, Lico R, Lindahl G, Lindqvist M, Lisakov M, Liu J, Liuzzo E, Lo W, Lobanov AP, Loinard L, Lonsdale CJ, MacDonald NR, Mao J, Marchili N, Markoff S, Marrone DP, Marscher AP, Martí-Vidal I, Matsushita S, Medeiros L, Menten KM, Michalik D, Mizuno I, Mizuno Y, Moran JM, Moriyama K, Moscibrodzka M, Müller C, Müller H, Mus A, Musoke G, Myserlis I, Nadolski A, Nagai H, Nagar NM, Nakamura M, Narayan R, Narayanan G, Natarajan I, Nathanail A, Neilsen J, Neri R, Ni C, Noutsos A, Nowak MA, Oh J, Okino H, Olivares H, Ortiz-León GN, Oyama T, Özel F, Palumbo DCM, Paraschos GF, Park J, Parsons H, Patel N, Pesce DW, Piétu V, Plambeck R, PopStefanija A, Porth O, Pötzl FM, Prather B, Preciado-López JA, Psaltis D, Pu H, Ramakrishnan V, Rao R, Rawlings MG, Rezzolla L, Ricarte A, Ripperda B, Roelofs F, Rogers A, Ros E, Romero-Cañizales C, Roshanineshat A, Roy AL, Ruszczyk C, Sánchez-Argüelles D, Sasada M, Satapathy K, Savolainen T, Schloerb FP, Schonfeld J, Small D, Sohn BW, SooHoo J, Souccar K, Sun H, Tetarenko AJ, Tiede P, Tilanus RPJ, Titus M, Toscano T, Traianou E, Trent T, Trippe S, Turk M, Bemmel I, Langevelde HJ, Rossum DR, Vos J, Ward-Thompson D, Wardle J, Weintroub J, Wex N, Wielgus M, Wiik K, Witzel G, Wondrak MF, Wong GN, Wu Q, Yadlapalli N, Yamaguchi P, Yfantis A, Yoon D, Young A, Young K, Younsi Z, Yu W, Yuan F, Yuan Y, Zensus JA, Zhang S, Zhao G, Zhao S
Publisher: Institute of Physics
Publication year: 2023
Journal: Astrophysical Journal
Journal name in source: Astrophysical Journal
Article number: 14
Volume: 959
Issue: 1
eISSN: 1538-4357
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acf4f2
Web address : https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/acf4f2
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/386834919
Preprint address: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.15381
In 2017 the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at a frequency of 228.1 GHz (λ = 1.3 mm). The fundamental physics tests that even a single pulsar orbiting Sgr A* would enable motivate searching for pulsars in EHT data sets. The high observing frequency means that pulsars—which typically exhibit steep emission spectra—are expected to be very faint. However, it also negates pulse scattering, an effect that could hinder pulsar detections in the Galactic center. Additionally, magnetars or a secondary inverse Compton emission could be stronger at millimeter wavelengths than at lower frequencies. We present a search for pulsars close to Sgr A* using the data from the three most sensitive stations in the EHT 2017 campaign: the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Large Millimeter Telescope, and the IRAM 30 m Telescope. We apply three detection methods based on Fourier-domain analysis, the fast folding algorithm, and single-pulse searches targeting both pulsars and burst-like transient emission. We use the simultaneity of the observations to confirm potential candidates. No new pulsars or significant bursts were found. Being the first pulsar search ever carried out at such high radio frequencies, we detail our analysis methods and give a detailed estimation of the sensitivity of the search. We conclude that the EHT 2017 observations are only sensitive to a small fraction (≲2.2%) of the pulsars that may exist close to Sgr A*, motivating further searches for fainter pulsars in the region.
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