A2 Refereed review article in a scientific journal
Organ-on-a-chip technologies for biomedical research and drug development: A focus on the vasculature
Authors: Soto Veliz Diosangeles, Lin Kai-Lan, Sahlgren Cecilia
Publication year: 2023
Journal: Smart medicine
Journal name in source: Smart Medicine
Volume: 2
Issue: 1
eISSN: 2751-1871
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/SMMD.20220030
Web address : https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/SMMD.20220030
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/381262747
Abstract
Abstract Current biomedical models fail to replicate the complexity of human biology. Consequently, almost 90\% of drug candidates fail during clinical trials after decades of research and billions of investments in drug development. Despite their physiological similarities, animal models often misrepresent human responses, and instead, trigger ethical and societal debates regarding their use. The overall aim across regulatory entities worldwide is to replace, reduce, and refine the use of animal experimentation, a concept known as the Three Rs principle. In response, researchers develop experimental alternatives to improve the biological relevance of in vitro models through interdisciplinary approaches. This article highlights the emerging organ-on-a-chip technologies, also known as microphysiological systems, with a focus on models of the vasculature. The cardiovascular system transports all necessary substances, including drugs, throughout the body while in charge of thermal regulation and communication between other organ systems. In addition, we discuss the benefits, limitations, and challenges in the widespread use of new biomedical models. Coupled with patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, organ-on-a-chip technologies are the future of drug discovery, development, and personalized medicine.
Abstract Current biomedical models fail to replicate the complexity of human biology. Consequently, almost 90\% of drug candidates fail during clinical trials after decades of research and billions of investments in drug development. Despite their physiological similarities, animal models often misrepresent human responses, and instead, trigger ethical and societal debates regarding their use. The overall aim across regulatory entities worldwide is to replace, reduce, and refine the use of animal experimentation, a concept known as the Three Rs principle. In response, researchers develop experimental alternatives to improve the biological relevance of in vitro models through interdisciplinary approaches. This article highlights the emerging organ-on-a-chip technologies, also known as microphysiological systems, with a focus on models of the vasculature. The cardiovascular system transports all necessary substances, including drugs, throughout the body while in charge of thermal regulation and communication between other organ systems. In addition, we discuss the benefits, limitations, and challenges in the widespread use of new biomedical models. Coupled with patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, organ-on-a-chip technologies are the future of drug discovery, development, and personalized medicine.
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