A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
First Analysis of Ground-Level Enhancement (GLE) 72 on 10 September 2017: Spectral and Anisotropy Characteristics
Authors: A. Mishev, I. Usoskin, O. Raukunen, M. Paassilta, E. Valtonen, L. Kocharov, R. Vainio
Publisher: SPRINGER
Publication year: 2018
Journal: Solar Physics
Journal name in source: SOLAR PHYSICS
Journal acronym: SOL PHYS
Article number: ARTN 136
Volume: 293
Issue: 10
Number of pages: 15
ISSN: 0038-0938
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-018-1354-x
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/36148310
Using data obtained with neutron monitors and space-borne instruments, we analyzed the second ground-level enhancement (GLE) of Solar Cycle 24, namely the event of 10 September 2017 (GLE 72), and derived the spectral and angular characteristics of associated GLE particles. We employed a new neutron-monitor yield function and a recently proposed model based on an optimization procedure. The method consists of simulating particle propagation in a model magnetosphere in order to derive the cutoff rigidity and neutron-monitor asymptotic directions. Subsequently, the rigidity spectrum and anisotropy of GLE particles are obtained in their dynamical evolution during the event on the basis of an inverse-problem solution. The derived angular distribution and spectra are discussed briefly.
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