A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Phenological sensitivity to climate change is higher in resident than in migrant bird populations among European cavity breeders
Authors: Jelmer M. Samplonius, Lenka Bartošová, Malcolm D. Burgess, Andrey V. Bushuev, Tapio Eeva, Elena V. Ivankina, Anvar B. Kerimov, Indrikis Krams, Toni Laaksonen, Marko Mägi, Raivo Mänd, Jaime Potti, János Török, Miroslav Trnka, Marcel E. Visser, Herwig Zang, Christiaan Both
Publisher: WILEY
Publication year: 2018
Journal: Global Change Biology
Journal name in source: GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
Journal acronym: GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
Volume: 24
Issue: 8
First page : 3780
Last page: 3790
Number of pages: 11
ISSN: 1354-1013
eISSN: 1365-2486
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14160
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/32117931
Many organisms adjust their reproductive phenology in response to climate change, but phenological sensitivity to temperature may vary between species. For example, resident and migratory birds have vastly different annual cycles, which can cause differential temperature sensitivity at the breeding grounds, and may affect competitive dynamics. Currently, however, adjustment to climate change in resident and migratory birds have been studied separately or at relatively small geographical scales with varying time series durations and methodologies. Here, we studied differential effects of temperature on resident and migratory birds using the mean egg laying initiation dates from 10 European nest box schemes between 1991 and 2015 that had data on at least one resident tit species and at least one migratory flycatcher species. We found that both tits and flycatchers advanced laying in response to spring warming, but resident tit populations advanced more strongly in relation to temperature increases than migratory flycatchers. These different temperature responses have already led to a divergence in laying dates between tits and flycatchers of on average 0.94days per decade over the current study period. Interestingly, this divergence was stronger at lower latitudes where the interval between tit and flycatcher phenology is smaller and winter conditions can be considered more favorable for resident birds. This could indicate that phenological adjustment to climate change by flycatchers is increasingly hampered by competition with resident species. Indeed, we found that tit laying date had an additional effect on flycatcher laying date after controlling for temperature, and this effect was strongest in areas with the shortest interval between both species groups. Combined, our results suggest that the differential effect of climate change on species groups with overlapping breeding ecology affects the phenological interval between them, potentially affecting interspecific interactions.
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