A4 Refereed article in a conference publication

Origin of two extreme solar particle events




AuthorsKocharov, L., Mishev, A., Pohjolainen, S., Reiner, M.J., Lee, J., Laitinen, T., Didkovsky, L.V., Pizzo, V.J., Kim, R., Karlicky, M., Klassenk, A., Cho, K.-S., Kovaltsov, G.A., Usoskin, I.G., Valtonen, E., Vainio, R.

Conference nameInternational Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC

PublisherSissa Medialab Srl

Publication year2017

JournalPOS Proceedings of Science

Book title 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC, The Astroparticle Physics Conference

Journal name in sourceProceedings of Science

ISSN1824-8039

Web address https://pos.sissa.it/301/

Self-archived copy’s web addresshttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/31737346


Abstract

We performed an analysis of high-energy particle emission from the Sun in two extreme solar particle events observed even with ground-based neutron monitors (NMs). We model particle transport and interactions from near-Sun source through the solar wind and the Earth's magne-tosphere and atmosphere in order to make a deep analysis of the events. The time profile of the proton source at the Sun is deduced and compared with observed electromagnetic emissions. Several complementary to each other data sets are studied jointly with the broadband dynamic radio spectra EUV images as well as other data available for both events. We find a common scenario for both eruptions including the flare's dual impulsive phase the coronal mass ejection (CME)-launch-associated burst and the late low-frequency type III radio bursts at the time of the relativistic proton injection into the interplanetary medium. The analysis supports the idea that the two considered events start with emission of relativistic protons previously accelerated during the flare and CME launch then trapped in large-scale magnetic loops and later released by the expanding CME.


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