Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and

is most commonly associated with changes in normal intestinal microbiota caused

by administration of antibiotics. Immunocompromized patients are on greater risk for

CDI and recurrence of it. In a few years considerable amount of information has been

gathered in different studies among hematologic patients with CDI. In this review the

changing epidemiology and risk factors of CDI as well as its recurrence are presented.

The treatment of CDI has been changed while one new compound has been approved

recently and fecal microbiota transplant has been proven the most efficacious

treatment for relapsing CDI. More research is needed to study the observed

relationship between CDI and graft-versus-host-disease.