Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cause of morbidity in the Western world and remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Treatment of CAD aims at improving quality of life and prognosis. The cornerstone of the treatment relies on controlling modifiable risk factors—and thus disease progression—by focusing on lifestyle improvements and medications. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are the treatment options in advanced stages of the disease. The differences between PCI and CABG have been widely investigated, but the choice of treatment modality is still uncertain in specific subgroups, such as young patients or those with renal impairment. In the current study, the differences between PCI and CABG were retrospectively investigated in special patient groups. Quality of life was assessed with questionnaires, and medical records were reviewed. Results showed that patients with severe chronic kidney disease may also benefit from surgical revascularization and should be viewed as candidates for CABG in indications similar to those with normal or only mildly impaired renal function. In young patients, the prevalence of repeated revascularization was fairly high despite the good overall survival and low rates of major cardiac events, suggesting a more aggressive disease in this patient group. Unexpectedly, young patients had a high prevalence of permanent work disability despite low incidences of heart failure, strokes, or myocardial infarction. This finding may be related to the underestimation of the remaining working capacity after major surgery. In all patient groups, deteriorating scores on health-related quality of life after CABG predict later adverse cardiovascular events after the procedure. The present study provides information on prognostic factors for the outcome and survival in special patient groups undergoing coronary revascularization. These findings may have an effect on the treatment strategy of these patients.