The decoupling of environmental harm from economic growth has two major components—the decoupling of environmental harm from material production (dematerialisation) and the decoupling of material production from economic growth (immaterialisation or amaterialisation). The same components can be analysed on the national economy level (GDP), enterprise level (turnover), or household level (disposable income). An examination of relative growth rates over a period of time reveals various decoupling patterns. In this chapter, we use the national data of Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden to analyse the decoupling patterns of these countries. GDP is used as the measure of economic growth, total primary energy supply (TPES) as a measure of material production and carbon dioxide (CO2 emissions) a measure of environmental harm. We place the findings in a Decoupling Diamond framework. Future prospects of the trends are discussed, and important directions for further research are outlined. We note that in addition to trend extrapolation and econometric models, wider, more communicative and action-oriented methods of futures studies should be used.