A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal

Diurnal migration patterns in willow warblers differ between the western and eastern flyways




AuthorsSokolovskis Kristaps, Caballero-Lopez Violeta, Åkesson Susanne, Lundberg Max, Willemoes Mikkel, Zhao Tianhao, Bensch Staffan

PublisherBioMed Central

Publication year2023

Journal: Movement ecology

Journal name in sourceMOVEMENT ECOLOGY

Article number 58

Volume11

Issue1

ISSN2051-3933

eISSN2051-3933

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-023-00425-x

Publication's open availability at the time of reportingOpen Access

Publication channel's open availability Open Access publication channel

Web address https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-023-00425-x

Self-archived copy’s web addresshttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/181900886

Self-archived copy's licenceCC BY

Self-archived copy's versionPublisher`s PDF


Abstract

It is a long-standing view that the main mechanism maintaining narrow migratory divides in passerines is the selection against intermediate and suboptimal migratory direction, but empirical proof of this is still lacking. We present novel results from a willow warbler migratory divide in central Sweden from where birds take the typical SW and SE as well as intermediate routes to winter quarters in Africa. We hypothesized that individuals that take the intermediate route are forced to migrate in daytime more often when crossing wide ecological barriers than birds that follow the typical western or eastern flyways. Analyses of geolocator tracks of willow warblers breeding across the entire Sweden, including the migratory divide, provided no support for our hypothesis. Instead, birds that migrated along the western flyway were the most likely to undertake full day flights. The probability of migrating for a full day when crossing major barriers declined linearly from west to east. We speculate that this difference is possibly caused by more challenging conditions in the western part of the Sahara Desert, such as the lack of suitable day-time roost sites. However, it may equally likely be that willow warblers benefit from migrating in daytime if favorable tailwinds offer assistance.


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