A2 Refereed review article in a scientific journal
Important denominator between autoimmune comorbidities: a review of class II HLA, autoimmune disease, and the gut
Authors: Berryman Meghan A, Ilonen Jorma, Triplett Eric W, Ludvigsson Johnny
Publication year: 2023
Journal: Frontiers in Immunology
Journal name in source: Frontiers in immunology
Journal acronym: Front Immunol
Volume: 14
ISSN: 1664-3224
eISSN: 1664-3224
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270488
Web address : https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270488
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/181581090
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are associated with more diseases than any other region of the genome. Highly polymorphic HLA genes produce variable haplotypes that are specifically correlated with pathogenically different autoimmunities. Despite differing etiologies, however, many autoimmune disorders share the same risk-associated HLA haplotypes often resulting in comorbidity. This shared risk remains an unanswered question in the field. Yet, several groups have revealed links between gut microbial community composition and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity is frequently associated with dysbiosis, resulting in loss of barrier function and permeability of tight junctions, which increases HLA class II expression levels and thus further influences the composition of the gut microbiome. However, autoimmune-risk-associated HLA haplotypes are connected to gut dysbiosis long before autoimmunity even begins. This review evaluates current research on the HLA-microbiome-autoimmunity triplex and proposes that pre-autoimmune bacterial dysbiosis in the gut is an important determinant between autoimmune comorbidities with systemic inflammation as a common denominator.
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