A2 Refereed review article in a scientific journal

Important denominator between autoimmune comorbidities: a review of class II HLA, autoimmune disease, and the gut




AuthorsBerryman Meghan A, Ilonen Jorma, Triplett Eric W, Ludvigsson Johnny

Publication year2023

JournalFrontiers in Immunology

Journal name in sourceFrontiers in immunology

Journal acronymFront Immunol

Volume14

ISSN1664-3224

eISSN1664-3224

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270488

Web address https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270488

Self-archived copy’s web addresshttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/181581090


Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are associated with more diseases than any other region of the genome. Highly polymorphic HLA genes produce variable haplotypes that are specifically correlated with pathogenically different autoimmunities. Despite differing etiologies, however, many autoimmune disorders share the same risk-associated HLA haplotypes often resulting in comorbidity. This shared risk remains an unanswered question in the field. Yet, several groups have revealed links between gut microbial community composition and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity is frequently associated with dysbiosis, resulting in loss of barrier function and permeability of tight junctions, which increases HLA class II expression levels and thus further influences the composition of the gut microbiome. However, autoimmune-risk-associated HLA haplotypes are connected to gut dysbiosis long before autoimmunity even begins. This review evaluates current research on the HLA-microbiome-autoimmunity triplex and proposes that pre-autoimmune bacterial dysbiosis in the gut is an important determinant between autoimmune comorbidities with systemic inflammation as a common denominator.

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Last updated on 2025-27-03 at 21:57