Comparison of Polarized Radiative Transfer Codes Used by the EHT Collaboration




Prather Ben S., Dexter Jason, Moscibrodzka Monika, Pu Hung-Yi, Bronzwaer Thomas, Davelaar Jordy, Younsi Ziri, Gammie Charles F., Gold Roman, Wong George N., Akiyama Kazunori, Alberdi Antxon, Alef Walter, Algaba Juan Carlos, Anantua Richard, Asada Keiichi, Azulay Rebecca, Bach Uwe, Baczko Anne-Kathrin, Ball David, Baloković Mislav, Barrett John, Bauböck Michi, Benson Bradford A., Bintley Dan, Blackburn Lindy, Blundell Raymond, Bouman Katherine L., Bower Geoffrey C., Boyce Hope, Bremer Michael, Brinkerink Christiaan D., Brissenden Roger, Britzen Silke, Broderick Avery E., Broguiere Dominique, Bustamante Sandra, Byun Do-Young, Carlstrom John E., Ceccobello Chiara, Chael Andrew, Chan Chi-kwan, Chang Dominic O., Chatterjee Koushik, Chatterjee Shami, Chen Ming-Tang, Chen Yongjun, Cheng Xiaopeng, Cho Ilje, Christian Pierre, Conroy Nicholas S., Conway John E., Cordes James M., Crawford Thomas M., Crew Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio Alejandro, Cui Yuzhu, De Laurentis Mariafelicia, Deane Roger, Dempsey Jessica, Desvignes Gregory, Dhruv Vedant, Doeleman Sheperd S., Dougal Sean, Dzib Sergio A., Eatough Ralph P., Emami Razieh, Falcke Heino, Farah Joseph, Fish Vincent L., Fomalont Ed, Ford H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas Raquel, Freeman William T., Friberg Per, Fromm Christian M., Fuentes Antonio, Galison Peter, García Roberto, Gentaz Olivier, Georgiev Boris, Goddi Ciriaco, Gómez-Ruiz Arturo I., Gómez José L., Gu Minfeng, Gurwell Mark, Hada Kazuhiro, Haggard Daryl, Haworth Kari, Hecht Michael H., Hesper Ronald, Heumann Dirk, Ho Luis C., Ho Paul, Honma Mareki, Huang Chih-Wei L., Huang Lei, Hughes David H., Ikeda Shiro, Impellizzeri C.M. Violette, Inoue Makoto, Issaoun Sara, James David J., Jannuzi Buell T., Janssen Michael, Jeter Britton, Jiang Wu, Jiménez-Rosales Alejandra, Johnson Michael D., Jorstad Svetlana, Joshi Abhishek V., Jung Taehyun, Karami Mansour, Karuppusamy Ramesh, Kawashima Tomohisa, Keating Garrett K., Kettenis Mark, Kim Dong-Jin, Kim Jae-Young, Kim Jongsoo, Kim Junhan, Kino Motoki, Koay Jun Yi, Kocherlakota Prashant, Kofuji Yutaro, Koyama Shoko, Kramer Carsten, Kramer Michael, Krichbaum Thomas P., Kuo Cheng-Yu, La Bella Noemi, Lauer Tod R., Lee Daeyoung, Lee Sang-Sung, Leung Po Kin, Levis Aviad, Li Zhiyuan, Lico Rocco, Lindahl Greg, Lindqvist Michael, Lisakov Mikhail, Liu Jun, Liu Kuo, Liuzzo Elisabetta, Lo Wen-Ping, Lobanov Andrei P., Loinard Laurent, Lonsdale Colin J., Lu Ru-Sen, MacDonald Nicholas R., Mao Jirong, Marchili Nicola, Markoff Sera, Marrone Daniel P., Marscher Alan P., Martí-Vidal Iván, Matsushita Satoki, Matthews Lynn D., Medeiros Lia, Menten Karl M., Michalik Daniel, Mizuno Izumi, Mizuno Yosuke, Moran James M., Moriyama Kotaro, Müller Cornelia, Mus Alejandro, Musoke Gibwa, Myserlis Ioannis, Nadolski Andrew, Nagai Hiroshi, Nagar Neil M., Nakamura Masanori, Narayan Ramesh, Narayanan Gopal, Natarajan Iniyan, Nathanail Antonios, Fuentes Santiago Navarro, Neilsen Joey, Neri Roberto, Ni Chunchong, Noutsos Aristeidis, Nowak Michael A., Oh Junghwan, Okino Hiroki, Olivares Héctor, Ortiz-León Gisela N., Oyama Tomoaki, Özel Feryal, Palumbo Daniel C.M., Paraschos Georgios Filippos, Park Jongho, Parsons Harriet, Patel Nimesh, Pen Ue-Li, Pesce Dominic W., Piétu Vincent, Plambeck Richard, PopStefanija Aleksandar, Porth Oliver, Pötzl Felix M., Preciado-López Jorge A., Psaltis Dimitrios, Ramakrishnan Venkatessh, Rao Ramprasad, Rawlings Mark G., Raymond Alexander W., Rezzolla Luciano, Ricarte Angelo, Ripperda Bart, Roelofs Freek, Rogers Alan, Ros Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales Cristina, Roshanineshat Arash, Rottmann Helge, Roy Alan L., Ruiz Ignacio, Ruszczyk Chet, Rygl Kazi L.J., Sánchez Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles David, Sánchez-Portal Miguel, Sasada Mahito, Satapathy Kaushik, Savolainen Tuomas, Schloerb F. Peter, Schonfeld Jonathan, Schuster Karl-Friedrich, Shao Lijing, Shen Zhiqiang, Small Des, Sohn Bong Won, SooHoo Jason, Souccar Kamal, Sun He, Tazaki Fumie, Tetarenko Alexandra J., Tiede Paul, Tilanus Remo P.J., Titus Michael, Torne Pablo, Traianou Efthalia, Trent Tyler, Trippe Sascha, Turk Matthew, van Bemmel Ilse, van Langevelde Huib Jan, van Rossum Daniel R., Vos Jesse, Wagner Jan, Ward-Thompson Derek, Wardle John, Weintroub Jonathan, Wex Norbert, Wharton Robert, Wielgus Maciek, Wiik Kaj, Witzel Gunther, Wondrak Michael F., Wu Qingwen, Yamaguchi Paul, Yfantis Aristomenis, Yoon Doosoo, Young André, Young Ken, Yu Wei, Yuan Feng, Yuan Ye-Fei, Zensus J. Anton, Zhang Shuo, Zhao Guang-Yao, Zhao Shan-Shan, The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration

PublisherIOP Publishing Ltd

2023

Astrophysical Journal

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL

ASTROPHYS J

35

950

1

23

0004-637X

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc586(external)

https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc586(external)

https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/180766804(external)



Interpretation of resolved polarized images of black holes by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) requires predictions of the polarized emission observable by an Earth-based instrument for a particular model of the black hole accretion system. Such predictions are generated by general relativistic radiative transfer (GRRT) codes, which integrate the equations of polarized radiative transfer in curved spacetime. A selection of ray-tracing GRRT codes used within the EHT Collaboration is evaluated for accuracy and consistency in producing a selection of test images, demonstrating that the various methods and implementations of radiative transfer calculations are highly consistent. When imaging an analytic accretion model, we find that all codes produce images similar within a pixel-wise normalized mean squared error (NMSE) of 0.012 in the worst case. When imaging a snapshot from a cell-based magnetohydrodynamic simulation, we find all test images to be similar within NMSEs of 0.02, 0.04, 0.04, and 0.12 in Stokes I, Q, U, and V, respectively. We additionally find the values of several image metrics relevant to published EHT results to be in agreement to much better precision than measurement uncertainties.


Last updated on 2024-26-11 at 17:33