A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal

Temporal Structures in Electron Spectra and Charge Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays




AuthorsAguilar M., Cavasonza L.A., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Bagwell C., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Başeǧmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Belyaev N., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Bolster J., Borgia B., Boschini M.J., Bourquin M., Bueno E.F., Burger J., Burger W.J., Burmeister S., Cai X.D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y.H., Chen G.M., Chen G.R., Chen H.S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H.Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C.H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Dass A., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirköz M.B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Díaz C., Dimiccoli F., Von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Faldi F., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Gámez C., García-López R.J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gómez-Coral D.M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Guracho A.N., Haino S., Han K.C., Hashmani R.K., He Z.H., Heber B., Hsieh T.H., Hu J.Y., Incagli M., Jang W.Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Karagöz G., Khiali B., Kim G.N., Kirn T., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Krasnopevtsev D., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lavecchia G., Lazzizzera I., Lee H.T., Lee S.C., Li H.L., Li J.Q., Li M., Li Q., Li Q.Y., Li S., Li S.L., Li J.H., Li Z.H., Liang J., Liang M.J., Light C., Lin C.H., Lippert T., Liu J.H., Lu S.Q., Lu Y.S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J.Z., Luo X., MacHate F., Mañá C., Marín J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martínez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Medvedeva T., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V.V., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Ocampo-Peleteiro J., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z.Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P.G., Rapin D., Conde A.R., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Von Dratzig A.S., Schwering G., Seo E.S., Shan B.S., Siedenburg T., Song J.W., Song X.J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z.T., Tacconi M., Tang X.W., Tang Z.C., Tian J., Ting S.C.C., Ting S.M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vázquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J.P., Wang C.X., Wang L., Wang L.Q., Wang N.H., Wang Q.L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z.M., Wei J., Weng Z.L., Wu H., Xiong R.Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I.I., Yelland A., Yi H., Yu Y.M., Yu Z.Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F.Z., Zhang J.H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z.M., Zhuang H.L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zuccon P.

PublisherAmerican Physical Society

Publication year2023

JournalPhysical Review Letters

Journal acronymPhys. Rev. Lett.

Article number161001

Volume130

Issue16

eISSN1079-7114

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.161001

Web address https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.161001

Self-archived copy’s web addresshttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/179577235


Abstract

We present the precision measurements of 11 years of daily cosmic electron fluxes in the rigidity interval from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 2.0 × 108 electrons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The electron fluxes exhibit variations on multiple timescales. Recurrent electron flux variations with periods of 27 days, 13.5 days, and 9 days are observed. We find that the electron fluxes show distinctly different time variations from the proton fluxes. Remarkably, a hysteresis between the electron flux and the proton flux is observed with a significance of greater than 6σ at rigidities below 8.5 GV. Furthermore, significant structures in the electron-proton hysteresis are observed corresponding to sharp structures in both fluxes. This continuous daily electron data provide unique input to the understanding of the charge sign dependence of cosmic rays over an 11-year solar cycle.


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