A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal

NMR Metabolomics and DNA Sequencing of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Cultures Treated with Hydrolyzable Tannins




AuthorsVirtanen Valtteri, Puljula Elina, Walton Gemma, Woodward Martin J., Karonen Maarit

PublisherMDPI

Publication year2023

JournalMetabolites

Journal name in sourceMetabolites

Article number320

Volume13

Issue3

ISSN2218-1989

eISSN2218-1989

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030320

Web address https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030320

Self-archived copy’s web addresshttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/179494346


Abstract

Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are globally among the most prominent bacterial strains associated with antibacterial resistance-caused deaths. Naturally occurring polyphenols, such as hydrolyzable tannins, have been shown to potently inhibit E. coli and S. aureus. The current study investigated the metabolome changes of E. coli and S. aureus cultures after treatments with different hydrolyzable tannins using an NMR metabolomics approach. Additionally, the effect of these tannin treatments influencing a more complex bacterial system was studied in a biomimetic setting with fecal samples inoculated into the growth medium. Metabolite concentration changes were observed in all three scenarios: E. coli, S. aureus, and fecal batch culture. The metabolome of E. coli was more altered by the tannin treatments than S. aureus when compared to control cultures. A dimeric hydrolyzable tannin, rugosin D, was found to be the most effective of the studied compounds in influencing bacterial metabolome changes and in inhibiting E. coli and S. aureus growth. It was also observed that the tannin structure should have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions to efficiently influence E. coli and S. aureus growth.


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