A4 Refereed article in a conference publication

New reconstruction of the event-integrated spectra for GLE events




AuthorsKoldobskiy Sergey, Raukunen Osku, Vainio Rami, Kovaltsov Gennady, Usoskin Ilya

EditorsN/A

Conference nameInternational Cosmic Ray Conference

PublisherSissa Medialab Srl

Publication year2022

JournalPOS Proceedings of Science

Book title 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021)

Journal name in sourceProceedings of Science

Series titlePOS Proceedings of Science

Volume395

First page 1273

eISSN1824-8039

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.1273

Web address https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.1273

Self-archived copy’s web addresshttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/177659187


Abstract

Here we report a new reconstruction of the event-integrated spectra of solar energetic particles (SEP) detected by neutron monitor (NM) network and space-borne detectors (mainly GOES data) during ground-level enhancement (GLE) events. The reconstruction of SEP fluences is based on the “bow-tie” method employing the latest advances in the NM data analysis (a time-dependent GCR background and the use of the NM yield function directly verified with the AMS-02 experiment data), usage of different space-borne detectors data and a detailed study of different uncertainties. As a result of this work, we obtained integral fluences of SEPs in the energy range from 30 MeV to a few GeV for 58 moderate and strong GLE events since 1956. The results were fitted with the modified Band-function (a double power-law function with two exponential cutoffs). An easy-to-use presentation of SEP fluences in the form of an analytical expression forms a solid basis for new studies in different fields, such as the influence of SEPs on the atmosphere and a statistical study of extreme solar activity.


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