This chapter describes how the national role conception (NRC) (“proactive contributor to peace”) conceived and promoted by PM Abe was contested by Japanese nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working in development and international cooperation sectors in the context of negotiations over Japan's development aid policies that resulted in the passage of the Development Cooperation Charter (DCC). It explores the position and contributions of NGOs, explaining the areas and extent to which their ego-expectations differed from the governmental approach. These findings are then assessed in relation to the changing trends in global aid architecture – an important source of alter-expectations toward Japan as a major donor – and their potential impact on legitimacy of NGOs’ stance and governmental securitization of aid in line with PM Abe's NRC. Finally, this chapter ponders the links between securitization of foreign aid, role adjustment (accommodation) toward the “proactive contributor to peace” NRC and the purported decline of the US.