A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
A prospective, double-blind, pilot, randomized, controlled trial of an "embodied" virtual reality intervention for adults with low back pain
Authors: Eccleston Christopher, Fisher Emma, Liikkanen Sammeli, Sarapohja Toni, Stenfors Carina, Jääskeläinen Satu K, Rice Andrew S C, Mattila Leena, Blom Taru, Bratty Raymond J
Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
Publication year: 2022
Journal: PAIN
Journal name in source: PAIN
Journal acronym: PAIN
Volume: 163
Issue: 9
First page : 1700
Last page: 1715
Number of pages: 16
ISSN: 0304-3959
eISSN: 1872-6623
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002617
Web address : https://journals.lww.com/pain/Fulltext/2022/09000/A_prospective,_double_blind,_pilot,_randomized,.10.aspx
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/176329378
Adults with chronic low back pain, disability, moderate-to-severe pain, and high fear of movement and reinjury were recruited into a trial of a novel, automated, digital therapeutics, virtual reality, psychological intervention for pain (DTxP). We conducted a 3-arm, prospective, double-blind, pilot, randomized, controlled trial comparing DTxP with a sham placebo comparator and an open-label standard care. Participants were enrolled for 6 to 8 weeks, after which, the standard care control arm were rerandomized to receive either the DTxP or sham placebo. Forty-two participants completed assessments at baseline, immediately posttreatment (6-8 weeks), 9-week, and 5-month follow-up. We found that participants in the DTxP group reported greater reductions in fear of movement and better global impression of change when compared with sham placebo and standard care post treatment. No other group differences were noted at posttreatment or follow-up. When compared with baseline, participants in the DTxP group reported lower disability at 5-month follow-up, lower pain interference and fear of movement post treatment and follow-up, and lower pain intensity at posttreatment. The sham placebo group also reported lower disability and fear of movement at 5-month follow-up compared with baseline. Standard care did not report any significant changes. There were a number of adverse events, with one participant reporting a serious adverse event in the sham placebo, which was not related to treatment. No substantial changes in medications were noted, and participants in the DTxP group reported positive gaming experiences.
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