A1 Vertaisarvioitu alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä lehdessä
How representative are student convenience samples? A study of literacy and numeracy skills in 32 countries
Tekijät: Wild Heather, Kyröläinen Aki-Juhani, Kuperman Victor
Kustantaja: Public Library of Science
Julkaisuvuosi: 2022
Journal: PLoS ONE
Tietokannassa oleva lehden nimi: PloS one
Lehden akronyymi: PLoS One
Artikkelin numero: e0271191
Vuosikerta: 17
Numero: 7
ISSN: 1932-6203
eISSN: 1932-6203
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271191
Verkko-osoite: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271191
Rinnakkaistallenteen osoite: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/176105238
Psychological research, including research into adult reading, is frequently based on convenience samples of undergraduate students. This practice raises concerns about the external validity of many accepted findings. The present study seeks to determine how strong this student sampling bias is in literacy and numeracy research. We use the nationally representative cross-national data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies to quantify skill differences between (i) students and the general population aged 16-65, and (ii) students and age-matched non-students aged 16-25. The median effect size for the comparison (i) of literacy scores across 32 countries was d = .56, and for comparison (ii) d = .55, which exceeds the average effect size in psychological experiments (d = .40). Numeracy comparisons (i) and (ii) showed similarly strong differences. The observed differences indicate that undergraduate students are not representative of the general population nor age-matched non-students.
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