A novel dual surface modification on titanium in dental use: Characterization and topography

: Zakir Muhammad, Laiho Taina, Granroth Sari, Kukk Edwin, Chu Chun Hung, Tsoi James Kit-Hon, Matinlinna Jukka Pekka

Publisher: WILEY

: 2022

: Surface and Interface Analysis

: SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS

: SURF INTERFACE ANAL

: 54

: 7

: 747

: 758

: 12

: 0142-2421

: 1096-9918

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7087

: https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sia.7087

This laboratory study aimed to compare, contrast, and evaluate the effect of a novel dual surface modification method on the adhesion strength of resin composite cement to titanium. C.p.-2 grade titanium samples were silica-coated, etched with HNO3(69vol %) or a blend of HCl (35vol %) and H3PO4 (85vol %), for 1 h at 80 degrees C. Surface roughness was measured by surface roughness profilometry, topographic analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and surface analyses by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Silanization of all specimens was carried out after SEM, EDX, and AFM analysis, before enclosed mold microshear bond strength testing (EM-mu SBS). Adhesion strengths were measured after artificial ageing: 1 day, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks by EM-mu SBS testing and failure mode analysis by optical microscopy. Polished titanium was used as a control. The highest surface roughness was observed in titanium samples treated with silica-coating + HCl-H3PO4 etching. The elemental composition confirmed the presence of Ti, O, C, with Si and Al in samples treated with silica-coating. A gradual decrease in EM-mu SBS values was observed in all titanium samples with adhesive and cohesive failure modes. The novel dual surface modification method applied in this study suggests that silica-coating + HCl-H(3)PO(4)etching strongly affects titanium surface topography and roughness. The presence of Si on silica-coated surface modified titanium before silanization with an experimental silane has a positive effect on the EM-mu SBS of titanium samples treated with silica-coating only or silica-coating + HNO3 etching.