A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Analysis of the SYSDIET Healthy Nordic Diet randomized trial based on metabolic profiling reveal beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and blood lipids
Authors: Gürdeniz Gözde, Uusitupa Matti, Hermansen Kjeld, Savolainen Markku J, Schwab Ursula, Kolehmainen Marjukka, Brader Lea, Cloetens Lieselotte, Herzig Karl-Heinz, Hukkanen Janne, Rosqvist Fredrik, Ulven Stine Marie, Gunnarsdóttir Ingibjörg, Thorsdottir Inga, Oresic Matej, Poutanen Kaisa S, Risérus U, Åkesson Björn, Dragsted Lars Ove
Publisher: CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE
Publication year: 2022
Journal: Clinical Nutrition
Journal name in source: CLINICAL NUTRITION
Journal acronym: CLIN NUTR
Volume: 41
Issue: 2
First page : 441
Last page: 451
Number of pages: 11
ISSN: 0261-5614
eISSN: 1532-1983
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.031
Web address : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.031
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/174843456
Background & aims
Intake assessment in multicenter trials is challenging, yet important for accurate outcome evaluation. The present study aimed to characterize a multicenter randomized controlled trial with a healthy Nordic diet (HND) compared to a Control diet (CD) by plasma and urine metabolic profiles and to associate them with cardiometabolic markers.
Methods
During 18-24 weeks of intervention, 200 participants with metabolic syndrome were advised at six centres to eat either HND (e.g. whole-grain products, berries, rapeseed oil, fish and low-fat dairy) or CD while being weight stable. Of these 166/159 completers delivered blood/urine samples. Metabolic profiles of fasting plasma and 24 h pooled urine were analysed to identify characteristic diet-related patterns. Principal components analysis (PCA) scores (i.e. PC1 and PC2 scores) were used to test their combined effect on blood glucose response (primary endpoint), serum lipoproteins, triglycerides, and inflammatory markers.
Results
The profiles distinguished HND and CD with AUC of 0.96 ± 0.03 and 0.93 ± 0.02 for plasma and urine, respectively, with limited heterogeneity between centers, reflecting markers of key foods. Markers of fish, whole grain and polyunsaturated lipids characterized HND, while CD was reflected by lipids containing palmitoleic acid. The PC1 scores of plasma metabolites characterizing the intervention is associated with HDL (β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08; P = 0.001) and triglycerides (β = -0.06; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.03; P < 0.001). PC2 scores were related with glucose metabolism (2 h Glucose, β = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.15; P < 0.001), LDL (β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.1; P = 0.02) and triglycerides (β = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.15; P < 0.001). For urine, the scores were related with LDL cholesterol.
Conclusions
Plasma and urine metabolite profiles from SYSDIET reflected good compliance with dietary recommendations across the region. The scores of metabolites characterizing the diets associated with outcomes related with cardio-metabolic risk. Our analysis therefore offers a novel way to approach a per protocol analysis with a balanced compliance assessment in larger multicentre dietary trials.
The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov with NCT00992641.
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