A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Secure Encoded Instruction Graphs for End-to-End Data Validation in Autonomous Robots
Authors: Peña Queralta Jorge, Qingqing Li, Castelló Ferrer Eduardo, Westerlund Tomi
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Publication year: 2022
Journal: IEEE Internet of Things Journal
Volume: 9
Issue: 18
First page : 18028
Last page: 18040
eISSN: 2327-4662
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2022.3164545
Web address : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9748873
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/174636470
As autonomous robots are becoming more widespread, more attention is being paid to the security of robotic operation. Autonomous robots can be seen as cyberphysical systems: they can operate in virtual, physical, and human realms. Therefore, securing the operations of autonomous robots requires not only securing their data (e.g., sensor inputs and mission instructions) but securing their interactions with their environment. There is currently a deficiency of methods that would allow robots to securely ensure their sensors and actuators are operating correctly without external feedback. This paper introduces an encoding method and end-to-end validation framework for the missions of autonomous robots. In particular, we present a proof of concept of a map encoding method, which allows robots to navigate realistic environments and validate operational instructions with almost zero a priori knowledge. We demonstrate our framework using two different encoded maps in experiments with simulated and real robots. Our encoded maps have the same advantages as typical landmark-based navigation, but with the added benefit of cryptographic hashes that enable end-to-end information validation. Our method is applicable to any aspect of robotic operation in which there is a predefined set of actions or instructions given to the robot.
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