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A robust ultra-low voltage CPU utilizing timing-error prevention
Tekijät: Markus Hiienkari, Jukka Teittinen, Lauri Koskinen, Matthew Turnquist, Jani Mäkipää, Arto Rantala, Matti Sopanen, Mikko Kaltiokallio
Kustantaja: MDPI AG
Julkaisuvuosi: 2015
Journal: Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications
Vuosikerta: 5
Numero: 2
Aloitussivu: 57
Lopetussivu: 68
Sivujen määrä: 12
eISSN: 2079-9268
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea5020057
Verkko-osoite: www.mdpi.com/2079-9268/5/2/57/
To minimize energy consumption of a digital circuit, logic can be operated at sub- or near-threshold voltage. Operation at this region is challenging due to device and environment variations, and resulting performance may not be adequate to all applications. This article presents two variants of a 32-bit RISC CPU targeted for near-threshold voltage. Both CPUs are placed on the same die and manufactured in 28 nm CMOS process. They employ timing-error prevention with clock stretching to enable operation with minimal safety margins while maximizing performance and energy efficiency at a given operating point. Measurements show minimum energy of 3.15 pJ/cyc at 400 mV, which corresponds to 39% energy saving compared to operation based on static signoff timing.
Ladattava julkaisu This is an electronic reprint of the original article. |