Elisa Aaltola, PhD, works as a senior researcher in philosophy at the University of Turku, Finland. Her research has focused on animal philosophy and normative moral psychology. Aaltola has published eight books on these topics, including Varieties of Empathy: Moral Psychology and Animal Ethics (Rowman & Littlefield 2018), Animal Ethics and Philosophy: Questioning the Orthodoxy (co-edited with John Hadley, Rowman & Littlefield 2014), and Animal Suffering: Philosophy and Culture (Palgrave MacMillan 2012). She is also the author of over 35 peer-reviewed papers.