Objective:There is a paucity of sex-specific data on patients’ postcardiotomy venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO).The present study sought to assess this issue in a multicenter study.

Design:Retrospective, propensity scorematched analysis of an international registry.Setting:Multicenter study, tertiary university hospitals.

Participants:Data on adult patients undergoing postcardiotomy VA-ECMO.

Measurements and Main Results:Between January 2010 and March 2018, patients treated with postcardiotomy VA-ECMO at 17 cardiac sur-gery centers were analyzed. Index procedures considered were coronary artery bypass graft surgery, isolated valve surgery, their combination,and proximal aortic root surgery. Hospital and five-year mortality constituted the endpoints of interest. Propensity score matching was adoptedwith logistic regression.A total of 358 patients (mean age: 63.3§12.3 years; 29.6% female) were identified. Among 94 propensity scorematched pairs, women had ahigher hospital mortality (70.5%v56.4%, p = 0.049) compared with men. Logistic regression analysis showed that women (odds ratio [OR],1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-3.16), age (OR, 1.06; 95%CI 1.04-1.08) and pre-ECMO arterial lactate (OR, 1.09; 95%CI 1.04-1.16) were independent predictors of hospital mortality. No differences between female and male patients were observed for other outcomes. Amongpropensity scorematched pairs, one-, three-, and five-year mortality were 60.6%, 65.0%, and 65.0% among men, and 71.3%, 71.3%, and 74.0% among women, respectively (p = 0.110, adjusted hazard ratio, 1.27; 95%CI 0.96-1.66).

Conclusions:In postcardiotomy VA-ECMO, female patients demonstrated higher hospital mortality than men. Morbidity and late mortalitywere similar between the two groups.