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Temporal evolution of the circumstellar disc orientation in the transient X-ray pulsar GRO J1008−57;




TekijätHu, Yongfeng; Xiao, Hua; Tsygankov, Sergey S.; Ji, Long; Poutanen, Juri; Huang, Runting

KustantajaEDP Sciences

Julkaisuvuosi2026

Lehti: Astronomy and Astrophysics

Artikkelin numeroA259

Vuosikerta710

ISSN0004-6361

eISSN1432-0746

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202659962

Julkaisun avoimuus kirjaamishetkelläAvoimesti saatavilla

Julkaisukanavan avoimuus Kokonaan avoin julkaisukanava

Verkko-osoitehttps://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202659962

Rinnakkaistallenteen osoitehttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/527097133

Rinnakkaistallenteen lisenssiCC BY

Rinnakkaistallennetun julkaisun versioKustantajan versio


Tiivistelmä

The transient X-ray pulsar GRO J1008−57 was previously found to exhibit Type I outbursts occurring at stable orbital phases before its first observed Type II outburst in 2012. We extend the study to investigate the phase evolution after several Type II outbursts using long-term Swift/BAT and MAXI/GSC observations. Our results reveal that the orbital phases of Type I outbursts follow a step-like evolution: they remain largely stable over many orbital periods, but undergo abrupt small-amplitude jumps coincident with each Type II outburst. This step-like behaviour is difficult to explain with the commonly proposed mechanisms involving a highly eccentric or precessing disc around a Be star. The energetics of Type I X-ray outbursts shows a systematic increase before Type II outbursts, followed by a rapid decline and a subsequent gradual recovery. This behaviour suggests cycles of disc depletion and reconstruction driven by Type II outbursts. Considering the small amplitude of each phase jumps, we propose that this step-like phase evolution might be related to the long orbital period of GRO J1008−57, implying infrequent neutron star–disc interactions. After disc depletion by Type II outbursts, the disc around the Be star has enough time to rebuild its density and restore a geometric structure similar to its pre–Type II outburst state. Consequently, the orbital phases of subsequent Type I outbursts not only change very slightly, but can also remain stable over many orbital periods until the next Type II-driven disc reconfiguration, yielding the observed step-like evolution.


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Julkaisussa olevat rahoitustiedot
This work is based on observations obtained with Swift/BAT and MAXI/GSC. We gratefully acknowledge the teams of both missions for maintaining the instruments, providing high-quality data, and making these data publicly available, which were essential for the completion of this study. This work was supported by the Research Council of Finland Centre of Excellence in Neutron-Star Physics (project 374064). HX acknowledges support from the China Scholarship Council (CSC). LJ acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant Nos. 12173103 and 12261141691.


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