This chapter explores the connection of Finnish and Italian vocabularies in the development of the Finnish language during the nineteenth century, the formative period of the Finnish national identity. While Finland was the Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire (1809–1917), the progress in the Finnish society and education necessitated the development of Finnish vocabulary in several fields. Calls for purism were answered by the invention of neologisms to replace Swedish, Latin, and other foreign words. Yet, as the new elementary school system was founded and art and musical education flourished, the progress of the language remained reliant on other languages: Italian loanwords, for example, persisted in music and art. Indeed, the first Finnish encyclopedia, Tietosanakirja (Wichmann 1909–22), published in 1909–22 in 11 volumes, an important example of establishing the base of the common knowledge for the citizens in modern Finnish language, includes numerous terms of Italian origin.