Small-diameter vascular grafts are urgently needed for vascular grafting. Stem/progenitor cells (SPCs), including mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, vascular progenitor cells and induced-pluripotent stem cells offer a promising cell source for de novo production of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) and vascular regeneration. SPCs can be either seeded on vascular grafts exogenously or can be recruited endogenously from within the body. Herein, we have systematically discussed the role of different types of SPCs for vascular remodeling and regeneration, the utilization of SPCs along with biomaterials for TEVGs, and strategies for endogenous SPCs recruitment to promote in situ vascular regeneration. We have further enumerated the future development trend of functional vascular grafts. Taken together, SPCs account an invaluable cell source for TEVGs production and vascular remodeling, which may also have broad implications to engineer the next generation of the off-the-shelf vascular grafts and potentially in vitro vascular tissues for drug development.