The studies suggest a potential role for sympathetic and parasympathetic neuronal and receptor positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in patients with heart failure. This information could be valuable in predicting the progression of ventricular remodeling and outcome in heart failure. Although innervation imaging with PET in heart failure holds great promise, the method has not received wider clinical acceptance. Larger randomized studies are required to confirm the incremental value of innervation imaging in various specific indications.