Microgrids are becoming increasingly popular as a means of providing reliable and sustainable energy. However, designing and managing microgrids can be challenging due to their complexity and the need to integrate various technologies. Formal methods offer a promising approach to optimizing microgrid performance, safety, and reliability. This chapter explores the use of formal methods to optimize microgrid performance, safety, and reliability. Microgrids are self-sufficient energy systems that can operate in islanded or connected mode. Formal methods are mathematical techniques that enable the verification and validation of complex systems. The chapter discusses how cloud, fog, and IoT technologies, as well as AI and ML, can be integrated with formal methods to enhance the performance and safety of microgrids. Additionally, the chapter examines the role of formal methods in addressing security concerns in microgrids, particularly in blockchain-based microgrids. The chapter concludes by highlighting some of the challenges and open issues in this area and recommending future directions for research. Overall, the chapter emphasizes the importance of using formal methods in designing and managing microgrids to ensure their safe, reliable, and efficient operation.