A1 Vertaisarvioitu alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä lehdessä
Peramine and Lolitrem B from Endophyte-Grass Associations Cascade Up the Food Chain
Tekijät: Fuchs B, Krischke M, Mueller MJ, Krauss J
Kustantaja: SPRINGER
Julkaisuvuosi: 2013
Journal: Journal of Chemical Ecology
Tietokannassa oleva lehden nimi: JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
Lehden akronyymi: J CHEM ECOL
Vuosikerta: 39
Numero: 11-12
Aloitussivu: 1385
Lopetussivu: 1389
Sivujen määrä: 5
ISSN: 0098-0331
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-013-0364-2
Tiivistelmä
Endophytic fungi in cool-season grass species produce herbivore-toxic alkaloids, which are assumed to harm higher trophic levels along food chains. Previous studies have shown fitness disadvantages for higher trophic levels that feed on aphids that were exclusively reared on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) infected with the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium lolii. However, it is unknown whether the alkaloids produced by the fungus-grass association can be assimilated by plant sap-sucking insects like aphids. Using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography method combined with mass spectrometry, we provide the first evidence that the alkaloids peramine and lolitrem B are present in aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi) and in aphid predators when the aphids are reared on endophyte-infected grass. We conclude that alkaloids can enter the plant sap of the grass and are responsible for longer pupal stages of the ladybird Harmonia axyridis and for fitness disadvantages of aphids and their predators as shown in previous studies.
Endophytic fungi in cool-season grass species produce herbivore-toxic alkaloids, which are assumed to harm higher trophic levels along food chains. Previous studies have shown fitness disadvantages for higher trophic levels that feed on aphids that were exclusively reared on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) infected with the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium lolii. However, it is unknown whether the alkaloids produced by the fungus-grass association can be assimilated by plant sap-sucking insects like aphids. Using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography method combined with mass spectrometry, we provide the first evidence that the alkaloids peramine and lolitrem B are present in aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi) and in aphid predators when the aphids are reared on endophyte-infected grass. We conclude that alkaloids can enter the plant sap of the grass and are responsible for longer pupal stages of the ladybird Harmonia axyridis and for fitness disadvantages of aphids and their predators as shown in previous studies.
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