A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
The Characteristic Sizes of the Sunspots and Pores in Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Tlatov A, Riehokainen A, Tlatova K
Publisher: SPRINGER
Publication year: 2019
Journal: Solar Physics
Journal name in source: SOLAR PHYSICS
Journal acronym: SOL PHYS
Article number: ARTN 45
Volume: 294
Issue: 4
Number of pages: 9
ISSN: 0038-0938
eISSN: 1573-093X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-019-1439-1
Abstract
We present a comparative analysis of the size of spots in sunspot groups. For the analysis, we have used the characteristics of individual sunspots and pores according to the daily synoptic observations of the Kislovodsk Mountain astronomical station in Solar Cycle 24. We have constructed the distribution of area for the different types of the spots: pores, transitional sunspots, regular sunspots, and sunspots umbrae. We have found that the properties of the sunspots with largest area [ Smax] differ from the other spots [ Snomax] in sunspot groups. In the distribution of area for Smax there are two local maxima Smx 1 similar to 10 msh and Smx 2 similar to 130 - 180 msh. The Smx 1 is connected with the transitional spots where the penumbra is not fully developed. For sunspots with Smax where a penumbra is formed or the ratio Ssp/ Sum > 3.5, the maximum Smx 2 corresponds to the diameter of a round spot with d similar to 25 Mm. This size is close to the size of the supergranules. In the distribution of area, the two- vertex character is absent for sunspots in the groups with the exception of the spot having the largest area. For developed sunspots with Smax, in the distribution of area of the sunspot's umbra we have a maximum Smx um similar to 25 msh. Thus, the two- vertex nature of the distribution of area is a consequence of the existence of pores and sunspots with developing penumbra.
We present a comparative analysis of the size of spots in sunspot groups. For the analysis, we have used the characteristics of individual sunspots and pores according to the daily synoptic observations of the Kislovodsk Mountain astronomical station in Solar Cycle 24. We have constructed the distribution of area for the different types of the spots: pores, transitional sunspots, regular sunspots, and sunspots umbrae. We have found that the properties of the sunspots with largest area [ Smax] differ from the other spots [ Snomax] in sunspot groups. In the distribution of area for Smax there are two local maxima Smx 1 similar to 10 msh and Smx 2 similar to 130 - 180 msh. The Smx 1 is connected with the transitional spots where the penumbra is not fully developed. For sunspots with Smax where a penumbra is formed or the ratio Ssp/ Sum > 3.5, the maximum Smx 2 corresponds to the diameter of a round spot with d similar to 25 Mm. This size is close to the size of the supergranules. In the distribution of area, the two- vertex character is absent for sunspots in the groups with the exception of the spot having the largest area. For developed sunspots with Smax, in the distribution of area of the sunspot's umbra we have a maximum Smx um similar to 25 msh. Thus, the two- vertex nature of the distribution of area is a consequence of the existence of pores and sunspots with developing penumbra.
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