BACKGROUND: Even if aerobic exercises are recommended to stroke survivors, the clinical significance of the effect of these exercises on aerobic capacity has not been definitely shown.

AIM: To investigate, if there is evidence that aerobic capacity, measured by maximal oxygen consumption, can be improved by aerobic training?

DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis, all settings.

SETTING: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine of a University Hospital.

POPULATION: Adult stroke survivors.

METHODS: Search on CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Pedro. Study selection and extraction based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. Random effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS: Based on 13 randomized aerobic training improved aerobic capacity on average by 2.5 mL/kg/min. Four of the included studies had low risk of bias.

CONCLUSIONS: There is strong evidence that aerobic training is capable of improving aerobic capacity of stroke survivors, supporting the routine recommendation for training after stroke.

CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: It is not known, if one type of training is more effective than others in stroke survivors.