A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Viruses and bacteria in sputum samples of children with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Honkinen M, Lahti E, Osterback R, Ruuskanen O, Waris M
Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL
Publication year: 2012
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection
Journal name in source: CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
Journal acronym: CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC
Number in series: 3
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
First page : 300
Last page: 307
Number of pages: 8
ISSN: 1198-743X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03603.x
Abstract
Few comprehensive studies have searched for viruses and bacteria in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We identified 76 children hospitalized for pneumonia. Induced sputum samples were analysed for 18 viruses by antigen detection and PCR, and for six bacteria by culture and PCR. Viruses were found in 72% of samples, bacteria in 91%, and both in 66%. Rhinovirus (30%), human bocavirus (18%) and human metapneumovirus (14%) were the most commonly detected viruses. Two viruses were found in 22% of samples and three in 8%. The most common bacteria found were Streptococcus pneumoniae (50%), Haemophilus influenzae (38%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (28%). RhinovirusS. pneumoniae was the most commonly found combination of virus and bacterium (16%). All six children with treatment failure had both viruses and bacteria detected in the sputum. Otherwise, we found no special clinical characteristics in those with mixed viralbacterial detections. With modern molecular diagnostic techniques, there are high rates of both viral and bacterial identification in childhood CAP. The clinical significance of mixed viralbacterial infections remains unclear, although we found a potential association between them and treatment failure.
Few comprehensive studies have searched for viruses and bacteria in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We identified 76 children hospitalized for pneumonia. Induced sputum samples were analysed for 18 viruses by antigen detection and PCR, and for six bacteria by culture and PCR. Viruses were found in 72% of samples, bacteria in 91%, and both in 66%. Rhinovirus (30%), human bocavirus (18%) and human metapneumovirus (14%) were the most commonly detected viruses. Two viruses were found in 22% of samples and three in 8%. The most common bacteria found were Streptococcus pneumoniae (50%), Haemophilus influenzae (38%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (28%). RhinovirusS. pneumoniae was the most commonly found combination of virus and bacterium (16%). All six children with treatment failure had both viruses and bacteria detected in the sputum. Otherwise, we found no special clinical characteristics in those with mixed viralbacterial detections. With modern molecular diagnostic techniques, there are high rates of both viral and bacterial identification in childhood CAP. The clinical significance of mixed viralbacterial infections remains unclear, although we found a potential association between them and treatment failure.
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