Xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) are prevalent in
elderly populations, causing much discomfort and even difficulties in
eating. SGH also increases the occurrence and severity of oral diseases
and makes the patient susceptible to candidiasis. The principal causes
of SGH and xerostomia are systemic diseases and drugs used daily. The
diagnosis of SGH and xerostomia is based on simple methods, of which
measuring both unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate is the
most important. Treatment calls for proper management of underlying
disease, avoidance of all unnecessary medications, and topical remedies
such as artificial saliva substitutes. However, good hydration is
essential in the elderly with SGH and xerostomia, and water is the drink
of choice. In extremely difficult cases, for instance in patients
receiving radiotherapy for cancer of the head and neck regions,
parasympathomimetic drugs may be administered if no contraindications
exist