C1 Refereed scientific book
New insights into the mechanisms of macroautophagy in mammalian cells
Authors: Eskelinen EL
Publication year: 2008
Journal: International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
Journal name in source: INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, VOL 266
Journal acronym: INT REV CEL MOL BIO
Volume: 266
First page : 207
Last page: 247
Number of pages: 41
ISBN: 978-0-12-374372-5
ISSN: 1937-6448
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1937-6448(07)66005-5
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a self-digesting pathway responsible for the removal of long-lived proteins and organelles by the lysosomal compartment. Parts of the cytoplasm are first segregated in double-membrane-bound autophagosomes, which then undergo a multistep maturation process including fusion with endosomes and lysosomes. The segregated cytoplasm is then degraded by the lysosomal hydrolases. The discovery of ATG genes has greatly enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms of this pathway. Two novel ubiquitin-like protein conjugation systems were shown to function during autophagosome formation. Autophagy has been shown to play a role in a wide variety of physiological processes including energy metabolism, organelle turnover, growth regulation, and aging. Impaired autophagy can lead to diseases such as cardiomyopathy and cancer. This review summarizes current knowledge about the formation and maturation of autophagosomes, the role of macro-autophagy in various physiological and pathological conditions, and the signaling pathways that regulate this process in mammalian cells.
Macroautophagy is a self-digesting pathway responsible for the removal of long-lived proteins and organelles by the lysosomal compartment. Parts of the cytoplasm are first segregated in double-membrane-bound autophagosomes, which then undergo a multistep maturation process including fusion with endosomes and lysosomes. The segregated cytoplasm is then degraded by the lysosomal hydrolases. The discovery of ATG genes has greatly enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms of this pathway. Two novel ubiquitin-like protein conjugation systems were shown to function during autophagosome formation. Autophagy has been shown to play a role in a wide variety of physiological processes including energy metabolism, organelle turnover, growth regulation, and aging. Impaired autophagy can lead to diseases such as cardiomyopathy and cancer. This review summarizes current knowledge about the formation and maturation of autophagosomes, the role of macro-autophagy in various physiological and pathological conditions, and the signaling pathways that regulate this process in mammalian cells.
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