A1 Vertaisarvioitu alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä lehdessä
The decline and current distribution of Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus) in Finland; the role of Cd
Tekijät: Fred MS, Brommer JE
Kustantaja: FINNISH ZOOLOGICAL BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD
Julkaisuvuosi: 2005
Lehti:: Annales Zoologici Fennici
Tietokannassa oleva lehden nimi: ANNALES ZOOLOGICI FENNICI
Lehden akronyymi: ANN ZOOL FENN
Vuosikerta: 42
Numero: 1
Aloitussivu: 69
Lopetussivu: 79
Sivujen määrä: 11
ISSN: 0003-455X
Tiivistelmä
We tested two hypotheses that assume aspects of host-plant quality restrict the current distribution of Parnassius apollo. The "foreign host-plant hypothesis" states that host plants from outside the current range of P. apollo are, for some reason, unsuitable for the developing larvae. The "heavy-metal hypothesis" specifically attributes this unsuitability to a higher concentration of heavy metals (especially Cd) outside the current species' range than inside. We fed 60 larvae from two populations with host plants from their place of origin (control) or from an area outside the current distribution of the species (treatment). Treatment plants had lower Cd levels, which allowed us to separate between the two hypotheses. Larvae in the treatment group experienced positive effects on fitness-related traits such as weight at pupation, length of the last instar and food consumption. Hence, Cd appears to have a negative effect on developing P. apollo larvae and may therefore restrict the recolonisation of current populations into their former range. However, larvae from one population tolerated a concentration of Cd equally high as what was previously shown to be lethal. Such tolerance undermines the generality of attributing the decline and restrictions of R apollo populations to high Cd concentrations.
We tested two hypotheses that assume aspects of host-plant quality restrict the current distribution of Parnassius apollo. The "foreign host-plant hypothesis" states that host plants from outside the current range of P. apollo are, for some reason, unsuitable for the developing larvae. The "heavy-metal hypothesis" specifically attributes this unsuitability to a higher concentration of heavy metals (especially Cd) outside the current species' range than inside. We fed 60 larvae from two populations with host plants from their place of origin (control) or from an area outside the current distribution of the species (treatment). Treatment plants had lower Cd levels, which allowed us to separate between the two hypotheses. Larvae in the treatment group experienced positive effects on fitness-related traits such as weight at pupation, length of the last instar and food consumption. Hence, Cd appears to have a negative effect on developing P. apollo larvae and may therefore restrict the recolonisation of current populations into their former range. However, larvae from one population tolerated a concentration of Cd equally high as what was previously shown to be lethal. Such tolerance undermines the generality of attributing the decline and restrictions of R apollo populations to high Cd concentrations.
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