A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Assessing the depth of dexmedetomidine-induced sedation with electroencephalogram (EEG)-based spectral entropy
Authors: Maksimow A, Snapir A, Särkelä M, Kentala E, Koskenvuo J, Posti J, Jääskeläinen SK, Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki S, Scheinin M, Scheinin H
Publication year: 2007
Journal: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
Journal name in source: Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
Journal acronym: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
Volume: 51
Issue: 1
First page : 22
Last page: 30
Number of pages: 9
ISSN: 0001-5172
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01174.x
Abstract
Adequate sedation of critically ill patients improves the outcome of intensive care. Maintaining an optimal level of sedation in the intensive care unit (ICU) is difficult because of a lack of appropriate monitoring methods to guide drug dosing. Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, has recently been introduced for the sedation of ICU patients. This study investigated the utility of electroencephalogram (EEG)-based spectral entropy monitoring (with M-ENTROPY, GE Healthcare, Helsinki, Finland) for the assessment of dexmedetomidine-induced sedation.\nEleven healthy, non-smoking men, aged 23.9 +/- 2.5 years (mean +/- standard deviation), were recruited. Spectral entropy was recorded before and during low (0.5 ng/ml) and high (5 ng/ml) plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine. At the end of the infusion, subjects were awakened by verbal command and light shaking.\nSpectral entropy decreased from 84 +/- 5 to 66 +/- 16 (P= 0.029) during low dexmedetomidine levels and from 84 +/- 5 to 20 +/- 12 (P < 0.001) during high dexmedetomidine levels. Transitions during loss and regaining of consciousness were analysed separately. Entropy decreased from 76 +/- 8 before to 43 +/- 10 (P < 0.001) after loss of consciousness, and increased from 14 +/- 4 to 63 +/- 13 (P < 0.001) on regaining of consciousness. These changes were consistent across all subjects. Prediction probability and sensitivity values indicated a high predictive performance of the method.\nThe depth of dexmedetomidine-induced sedation can be monitored with EEG-based spectral entropy. These results should be confirmed in a clinical setting.\nBACKGROUND\nMETHODS\nRESULTS\nCONCLUSION
Adequate sedation of critically ill patients improves the outcome of intensive care. Maintaining an optimal level of sedation in the intensive care unit (ICU) is difficult because of a lack of appropriate monitoring methods to guide drug dosing. Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, has recently been introduced for the sedation of ICU patients. This study investigated the utility of electroencephalogram (EEG)-based spectral entropy monitoring (with M-ENTROPY, GE Healthcare, Helsinki, Finland) for the assessment of dexmedetomidine-induced sedation.\nEleven healthy, non-smoking men, aged 23.9 +/- 2.5 years (mean +/- standard deviation), were recruited. Spectral entropy was recorded before and during low (0.5 ng/ml) and high (5 ng/ml) plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine. At the end of the infusion, subjects were awakened by verbal command and light shaking.\nSpectral entropy decreased from 84 +/- 5 to 66 +/- 16 (P= 0.029) during low dexmedetomidine levels and from 84 +/- 5 to 20 +/- 12 (P < 0.001) during high dexmedetomidine levels. Transitions during loss and regaining of consciousness were analysed separately. Entropy decreased from 76 +/- 8 before to 43 +/- 10 (P < 0.001) after loss of consciousness, and increased from 14 +/- 4 to 63 +/- 13 (P < 0.001) on regaining of consciousness. These changes were consistent across all subjects. Prediction probability and sensitivity values indicated a high predictive performance of the method.\nThe depth of dexmedetomidine-induced sedation can be monitored with EEG-based spectral entropy. These results should be confirmed in a clinical setting.\nBACKGROUND\nMETHODS\nRESULTS\nCONCLUSION
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