This chapter aims to describe the origin and history of the term individualised nursing care in general and as used in the nursing and nursing science literature. Furthermore, this chapter describes the research conducted on this topic over the past 60 years and how the concept itself has evolved during this time. The description is based on the development of professional nursing care and on the contexts, issues and ideologies to which the concept of individualised care has been linked. Finally, this chapter describes briefly why the topic is important in the healthcare context for individual clients or patients, professional nurses and organisations.