A1 Vertaisarvioitu alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä lehdessä
Signs and symptoms predicting influenza in children: a matched case-control analysis of prospectively collected clinical data
Tekijät: Heinonen S, Peltola V, Silvennoinen H, Vahlberg T, Heikkinen T
Kustantaja: SPRINGER
Julkaisuvuosi: 2012
Journal: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Tietokannassa oleva lehden nimi: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Lehden akronyymi: EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL
Numero sarjassa: 7
Vuosikerta: 31
Numero: 7
Aloitussivu: 1569
Lopetussivu: 1574
Sivujen määrä: 6
ISSN: 0934-9723
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-011-1479-4
Tiivistelmä
We aimed to determine whether there are signs or symptoms that could help clinicians to distinguish between influenza and other respiratory infections. The clinical data for this matched case-control analysis were derived from a 2-year prospective cohort study of respiratory infections among children aged a parts per thousand currency sign13 years. At any signs of respiratory infection, the children were examined and nasal swabs were obtained for virologic analyses. Cases were 353 children with laboratory-confirmed influenza and controls were 353 children with respiratory symptoms who tested negative for influenza. Cases and controls were matched for gender, age, and timing of the visit. In the multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses, fever was the only sign that independently predicted influenza virus infection, with odds ratios ranging from 13.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.90-26.63) to 50.10 (95% CI, 16.25-154.45), depending on the degree of fever. In all analyses, the predictive capability of fever increased with incremental elevations in the child's temperature. The likelihood ratio of fever a parts per thousand yen40.0A degrees C in predicting influenza was 6.00 (95% CI, 2.80-12.96). Among unselected children seen as outpatients during influenza outbreaks, fever is the only reliable predictor of influenza virus infection. The optimal use of influenza-specific antiviral drugs in children may require virologic confirmation.
We aimed to determine whether there are signs or symptoms that could help clinicians to distinguish between influenza and other respiratory infections. The clinical data for this matched case-control analysis were derived from a 2-year prospective cohort study of respiratory infections among children aged a parts per thousand currency sign13 years. At any signs of respiratory infection, the children were examined and nasal swabs were obtained for virologic analyses. Cases were 353 children with laboratory-confirmed influenza and controls were 353 children with respiratory symptoms who tested negative for influenza. Cases and controls were matched for gender, age, and timing of the visit. In the multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses, fever was the only sign that independently predicted influenza virus infection, with odds ratios ranging from 13.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.90-26.63) to 50.10 (95% CI, 16.25-154.45), depending on the degree of fever. In all analyses, the predictive capability of fever increased with incremental elevations in the child's temperature. The likelihood ratio of fever a parts per thousand yen40.0A degrees C in predicting influenza was 6.00 (95% CI, 2.80-12.96). Among unselected children seen as outpatients during influenza outbreaks, fever is the only reliable predictor of influenza virus infection. The optimal use of influenza-specific antiviral drugs in children may require virologic confirmation.
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