A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A
Authors: Aartsen MG, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Al Samarai I, Altmann D, Andeen K, Anderson T, Ansseau I, Anton G, Arguelles C, Auffenberg J, Axani S, Bagherpour H, Bai X, Barron JP, Barwick S, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Tjus JB, Becker KH, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bohm C, Borner M, Bos F, Boser S, Botner O, Bourbeau E, Bourbeau J, Bradascio F, Braun J, Brenzke M, Bretz HP, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burgman A, Busse RS, Carver T, Cheung E, Chirkin D, Christov A, Clark K, Classen L, Coenders S, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Cross R, Dave P, Day M, de Andre JPAM, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, Dembinski H, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Diaz-Velez JC, di Lorenzo V, Dujmovic H, Dumm JP, Dunkman M, Dvorak E, Eberhardt B, Ehrhardt T, Eichmann B, Eller P, Evenson PA, Fahey S, Fazely AR, Felde J, Filimonov K, Finley C, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Ghorbani K, Glauch T, Glusenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Gonzalez JG, Grant D, Griffith Z, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Hoinka T, Hokanson-Fasig B, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Hultqvist K, Hunnefeld M, Hussain R, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jero K, Jones BJP, Kalaczynski P, Kang W, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Karg T, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Keivani A, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kim J, Kim M, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Kittler T, Klein SR, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Kopke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koschinsky JP, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krings K, Kroll M, Kruckl G, Kunwar S, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Kyriacou A, Labare M, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Leonard K, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Liu QR, Mariscal CJL, Lu L, Lunemann J, Luszczak W, Madsen J, Maggi G, Mahn KBM, Mancina S, Maruyama R, Mase K, Maunu R, Meagher K, Medici M, Meier M, Menne T, Merino G, Meures T, Miarecki S, Micallef J, Momente G, Montaruli T, Moore R, Morse R, Moulai M, Nahnhauer R, Nakarmi P, Naumann U, Neer G, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Pollmann AO, Olivas A, O'Murchadha A, O'Sullivan E, Palczewski T, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Peiffer P, Pepper JA, de los Heros CP, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Plum M, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Radel L, Rameez M, Rauch L, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Reimann R, Relethford B, Relich M, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Robertson S, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk D, Safa I, Salzer T, Herrera SES, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schlunder P, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schoenen S, Schoneberg S, Schumacher L, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Song M, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stein R, Stettner J, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stossl A, Strotjohann NL, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Sutherland M, Taboada I, Tatar J, Tenholt F, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tilav S, Toale PA, Tobin MN, Toennis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Turley CF, Ty B, Unger E, Usner M, Vandenbroucke J, Van Driessche W, van Eijk D, van Eijndhoven N, Vanheule S, van Santen J, Vogel E, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallace A, Mallraff M, Wandler FD, Wandkowsky N, Waza A, Weaver C, Weiss MJ, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Whitehorn N, Whelan BJ, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Wille L, Williams DR, Wills L, Wolf M, Wood J, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Xu DL, Xu XW, Xu Y, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Yuan T, Abdollahi S, Ajello M, Angioni R, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buehler R, Burnett TH, Burns E, Buson S, Cameron RA, Caputo R, Caraveo PA, Cavazzuti E, Charles E, Chen S, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Costantin D, Cutini S, D'Ammando F, de Palma F, Digel SW, Di Lalla N, Di Mauro M, Di Venere L, Dominguez A, Favuzzi C, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giomi M, Giommi P, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Green D, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Guiriec S, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hewitt J, Horan D, Johannesson G, Kadler M, Kensei S, Kocevski D, Krauss F, Kreter M, Kuss M, La Mura G, Larsson S, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Li J, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Magill JD, Maldera S, Malyshev D, Manfreda A, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Meyer M, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Negro M, Nuss E, Ojha R, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Palatiello M, Paliya VS, Perkins JS, Persic M, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Porter TA, Principe G, Raino S, Rando R, Rani B, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renault-Tinacci N, Ritz S, Rochester LS, Parkinson PMS, Sgro C, Siskind EJ, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi M, Tanaka Y, Thayer JB, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Torresi E, Tosti G, Troja E, Valverde J, Vianello G, Vogel M, Wood K, Wood M, Zaharijas G, Ahnen ML, Ansoldi S, Antonelli LA, Arcaro C, Baack D, Babic A, Banerjee B, Bangale P, de Almeida UB, Barrio JA, Gonzalez JB, Bednarek W, Bernardini E, Berti A, Bhattacharyya W, Biland A, Blanch O, Bonnoli G, Carosi A, Carosi R, Ceribella G, Chatterjee A, Colak SM, Colin P, Colombo E, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Covino S, Cumani P, Da Vela P, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Lotto B, Delfino M, Delgado J, Di Pierro F, Dominguez A, Prester DD, Dorner D, Doro M, Einecke S, Elsaesser D, Ramazani VF, Fernandez-Barral A, Fidalgo D, Foffano L, Pfrang K, Fonseca MV, Font L, Franceschini A, Fruck C, Galindo D, Gallozzi S, Lopez RJG, Garczarczyk M, Gaug M, Giammaria P, Godinovic N, Gora D, Guberman D, Hadasch D, Hahn A, Hassan T, Hayashida M, Herrera J, Hose J, Hrupec D, Inoue S, Ishio K, Konno Y, Kubo H, Kushida J, Lelas D, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, Lopez M, Maggio C, Majumdar P, Makariev M, Maneva G, Manganaro M, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Mariotti M, Martinez M, Masuda S, Mazin D, Minev M, M JM, Mirzoyan R, Moralejo A, Moreno V, Moretti E, Nagayoshi T, Neustroev V, Niedzwiecki A, Rosillo MN, Nigro C, Nilsson K, Ninci D, Nishijima K, Noda K, Nogues L, Paiano S, Palacio J, Paneque D, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Pedaletti G, Peresano M, Persic M, Moroni PGP, Prandini E, Puljak I, Garcia JR, Reichardt I, Rhode W, Ribo M, Rico J, Righi C, Rugliancich A, Saito T, Satalecka K, Schweizer T, Sitarek J, Snidaric I, Sobczynska D, Stamerra A, Strzys M, Suric T, Takahashi M, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Terzi T, Teshima M, Torres-Alba N, Treves A, Tsujimoto S, Vanzo G, Acosta MV, Vovk I, Ward JE, Will M, Zaric D, Lucarelli F, Tavani M, Piano G, Donnarumma I, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Barbiellini G, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo P, Colafrancesco S, Costa E, Di Cocco G, Ferrari A, Gianotti F, Giuliani A, Lipari P, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Paoletti F, Parmiggiani N, Pellizzoni A, Picozza P, Pilia M, Rappoldi A, Trois A, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Franckowiak A, Stanek KZ, Kochanek CS, Beacom JF, Thompson TA, Holoien WS, Dong S, Prieto JL, Shappee BJ, Holmbo S, Abeysekara AU, Albert A, Alfaro R, Alvarez C, Arceo R, Arteaga-Velazquez JC, Rojas DA, Solares HAA, Becerril A, Belmont-Moreno E, Bernal A, Caballero-Mora KS, Capistran T, Carraminana A, Casanova S, Castillo M, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, de Leon SC, De Leon C, De la Fuente E, Hernandez RD, Dichiara S, Dingus BL, DuVernois MA, Diaz-Velez JC, Ellsworth R, Engel K, Fiorino D, Fleischhack H, Fraija N, Garcia-Gonzalez JA, Garfias F, Munoz AG, Gonzalez MM, Goodman JA, Hampel-Arias Z, Harding JP, Hernandez S, Hona B, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Hui CM, Huntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Jardin-Blicq A, Joshi V, Kaufmann S, Kunde GJ, Lara A, Lauer RJ, Lee WH, Lennarz D, Vargas HL, Linnemann JT, Longinotti A, Luis-Raya G, Luna-Garcia R, Malone K, Marinelli SS, Martinez O, Martinez-Castellanos I, Martinez-Castro J, Martinez-Huerta H, Matthews JA, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Moreno E, Mostafa M, Nayerhoda A, Nellen L, Newbold M, Nisa MU, Noriega-Papaqui R, Pelayo R, Pretz J, Perez-Perez EG, Ren Z, Rho CD, Riviere C, Rosa-Gonzalez D, Rosenberg M, Ruiz-Velasco E, Ruiz-Velasco E, Greus FS, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Schoorlemmer H, Sinnis G, Smith AJ, Springer RW, Surajbali P, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Villasenor L, Weisgarber T, Werner F, Yapici T, Gaurang Y, Zepeda A, Zhou H, Alvarez JD, Abdalla H, Anguner E, Armand C, Backes M, Becherini Y, Berge D, Bottcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bonnefoy S, Bordas P, Brun F, Buchele M, Bulik T, Caroff S, Carosi A, Casanova S, Cerruti M, Chakraborty N, Chandra S, Chen A, Colafrancesco S, Davids I, Deil C, Devin J, Djannati-Atai A, Egberts K, Emery G, Eschbach S, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Funk S, Fussling M, Gallant Y, Gate F, Giavitto G, Glawion D, Glicenstein J, Gottschall D, Grondin MH, Haupt M, Henri G, Hinton J, Hoischen C, Holch TL, Huber D, Jamrozy M, Jankowsky D, Jankowsky F, Jouvin L, Jung-Richardt I, Kerszberg D, Khelifi B, King J, Klepser S, Kluzniak W, Komin N, Kraus M, Lefaucheur J, Lemiere A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leser E, Lohse T, Lopez-Coto R, Lorentz M, Lypova I, Marandon V, Marti-Devesa GG, Maurin G, Mitchell A, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Mohrmann L, Moulin E, Murach T, de Naurois M, Niederwanger F, Niemiec J, Oakes L, O'Brien P, Ohm S, Ostrowski M, Oya I, Panter M, Parsons R, Perennes C, Piel Q, Pita S, Poireau V, Noel AP, Prokoph H, Puhlhofer G, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Rauth R, Renaud M, Rieger F, Rinchiuso L, Romoli C, Rowell G, Rudak B, Sanchez D, Sasaki M, Schlickeiser R, Schussler F, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Seglar-Arroyo M, Shafi N, Simoni R, Sol H, Stegmann C, Steppa C, Tavernier T, Taylor A, Tiziani D, Trichard C, Tsirou M, van Eldik C, van Rensburg C, van Soelen B, Veh J, Vincent P, Voisin F, Wagner SJ, Wagner RM, Wierzcholska A, Zanin R, Zdziarski A, Zech A, Ziegler A, Zorn J, Zywucka N, Savchenko V, Ferrigno C, Bazzano A, Diehl R, Kuulkers E, Laurent P, Mereghetti S, Natalucci L, Panessa F, Rodi J, Ubertini P, Morokuma T, Ohta K, Tanaka YT, Mori H, Yamanaka M, Kawabata KS, Utsumi Y, Nakaoka T, Kawabata M, Nagashima H, Yoshida M, Matsuoka Y, Itoh R, Keel W, Copperwheat C, Steele I, Cenko SB, Cowen DF, DeLaunay JJ, Evans PA, Fox DB, Keivani A, Kennea JA, Marshall FE, Osborne JP, Santander M, Tohuvavohu A, Turley CF, Abeysekara AU, Archer A, Benbow W, Bird R, Brill A, Brose R, Buchovecky M, Buckley JH, Bugaev V, Christiansen JL, Connolly MP, Cui W, Daniel MK, Errando M, Falcone A, Feng Q, Finley JP, Fortson L, Furniss A, Gueta O, Hutten M, Hervet O, Hughes G, Humensky TB, Johnson CA, Kaaret P, Kar P, Kelley-Hoskins N, Kertzman M, Kieda D, Krause M, Krennrich F, Kumar S, Lang MJ, Lin TT, Maier G, McArthur S, Moriarty P, Mukherjee R, Nieto D, O'Brien S, Ong RA, Otte AN, Park N, Petrashyk A, Pohl M, Popkow A, Pueschel E, Quinn J, Ragan K, Reynolds PT, Richards GT, Roache E, Rulten C, Sadeh I, Santander M, Scott SS, Sembroski GH, Shahinyan K, Sushch I, Trepanier S, Tyler J, Vassiliev VV, Wakely SP, Weinstein A, Wells RM, Wilcox P, Wilhelm A, Williams DA, Zitzer B, Tetarenko AJ, Kimball AE, Miller-Jones JCA, Sivakoff GR, Williams DA, Wilhelm A, Tetarenko AJ, Zitzer B, Miller-Jones JCA, Kimball AE, Sivakoff GR, Tyler J, Vassiliev VV, Sushch I, Trepanier S, Wells RM, Wilcox P, Wakely SP, Weinstein A, Rulten C, Sadeh I, Richards GT, Roache E, Sembroski GH, Shahinyan K, Santander M, Scott SS, Popkow A, Pohl M, Petrashyk A, Park N, Reynolds PT, Ragan K, Quinn J, Pueschel E, Otte AN, Ong RA, O'Brien S
Publisher: AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
Publication year: 2018
Journal: Science
Journal name in source: SCIENCE
Journal acronym: SCIENCE
Article number: eaat1378
Volume: 361
Issue: 6398
Number of pages: 9
ISSN: 0036-8075
eISSN: 1095-9203
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat1378
Individual astrophysical sources previously detected in neutrinos are limited to the Sun and the supernova 1987A, whereas the origins of the diffuse flux of high-energy cosmic neutrinos remain unidentified. On 22 September 2017 we detected a high-energy neutrino, IceCube-170922A, with an energy of approximately 290 TeV. Its arrival direction was consistent with the location of a known gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056, observed to be in a flaring state. An extensive multi-wavelength campaign followed, ranging from radio frequencies to gamma-rays. These observations characterize the variability and energetics of the blazar and include the first detection of TXS 0506+056 in very-high-energy gamma-rays. This observation of a neutrino in spatial coincidence with a gamma-ray emitting blazar during an active phase suggests that blazars may be a source of high-energy neutrinos.