Density and performance of Epirrita autumnata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) along three air pollution gradients in northern Europe



: Ruohomaki K, Kaitaniemi P, Kozlov M, Tammaru T, Haukioja E

Publisher: BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD

: 1996

: Journal of Applied Ecology

: JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY

: J APPL ECOL

: 33

: 4

: 773

: 785

: 13

: 0021-8901

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2404947


6. No indication was found of a positive effect of moderate pollution on E. autumnata and heavy pollution had detrimental effects. The results do not suggest that the species might become a severe pest in polluted areas outside its natural outbreak range.




Last updated on 2025-13-10 at 12:30