Although substantive research is lacking in the field of fertility and multiple sclerosis (MS), available data suggest that fertility might be slightly impaired in women with MS, and unsuccessful assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) may be associated with increased relapses.

In this chapter, we will briefly elucidate the physiology of fertility. We will also review possible mechanisms of infertility and discuss recently available data on fertility and MS, as well as discussing whether or not ARTs may have an effect on MS disease activity.