A3 Refereed book chapter or chapter in a compilation book
Microbiota and Obesity
Authors: Isolauri Erika
Editors: Isolauri E., Sherman P.M., Walker W.A.
Conference name: Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop
Publisher: S KARGER AG, MR. THOMAS KARGER, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
Publishing place: Basel
Publication year: 2017
Book title : Intestinal Microbiome: Functional Aspects in Health and Disease. 88th Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop, Playa del Carmen, September 2016
Journal name in source: INTESTINAL MICROBIOME: FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Journal acronym: NESTLE NUTR WORKS SE
Series title: Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series
Volume: 88
First page : 95
Last page: 105
Number of pages: 11
ISBN: 978-3-318-06030-0
eISBN: 978-3-318-06031-7
ISSN: 1664-2147
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000455217
Obesity is globally the most prevalent nutritional disorder. Multifaceted therapeutic approaches are called for to halt the cascade from neonatal adiposity/high birth weight to childhood excessive weight gain/adult obesity with comorbidities. Recent experimental and clinical data provide one new target for interventions aiming to close this vicious circle: the microbiota. An aberrant gut microbiota, dysbiosis, induces immune and metabolic disturbances both locally and, consequent upon impaired gut barrier function, also systemic low-grade inflammation, which is causally linked to insulin resistance. The gut microecology could thus fill the gap between energy intake and expenditure by processing nutrients and regulating their access to and storage in the body, producing chemicals of hormonal nature and controlling the secretion of proinflammatory mediators locally and systemically. Conversely, being highly sensitive to environmental impacts, particularly to early feeding, the compositional development of the gut microbiota may prove the target of choice in efforts to reduce the risk of obesity. It has been demonstrated that a lower number of bifidobacteria precedes the development of obesity, and a dearth of butyrate-producing bacteria and an overall richness of bacteria increase the risk of metabolic disease; moreover, recognition that practices known to disrupt the early gut microbiota, e.g., cesarean section delivery and antibiotic exposure, contribute to obesity, encourages to pursue this line of research. (C) 2017 Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG, Basel
