A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Biomarkers and long-term labour market outcomes: The case of creatine
Authors: Bockerman P, Bryson A, Viinikainen J, Hakulinen C, Pulkki-Raback L, Raitakari O, Pehkonen J
Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
Publication year: 2017
Journal: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
Journal name in source: JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION
Journal acronym: J ECON BEHAV ORGAN
Volume: 142
First page : 259
Last page: 274
Number of pages: 16
ISSN: 0167-2681
eISSN: 1879-1751
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2017.08.003
Abstract
Using the Young Finns Study (YFS) combined with the Finnish Linked Employer-Employee Data (FLEED) we show that quantities of creatine measured in 1980 prior to labour market entry affect labour market outcomes over the period 1990-2010. Those with higher levels of creatine (proxied by urine creatinine) prior to labour market entry spend more time in the labour market in the subsequent two decades and earn more. The associations between creatine and labour market outcomes are robust to controlling for other biomarkers, educational attainment and parental background. Creatine is a naturally occurring nitrogenous organic acid which supplies energy to body cells, including muscles. Our findings are consistent with high energy levels, induced by creatine, leading to productivity-enhancing traits such as a high propensity for effort, perseverance, and high-commitment. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Using the Young Finns Study (YFS) combined with the Finnish Linked Employer-Employee Data (FLEED) we show that quantities of creatine measured in 1980 prior to labour market entry affect labour market outcomes over the period 1990-2010. Those with higher levels of creatine (proxied by urine creatinine) prior to labour market entry spend more time in the labour market in the subsequent two decades and earn more. The associations between creatine and labour market outcomes are robust to controlling for other biomarkers, educational attainment and parental background. Creatine is a naturally occurring nitrogenous organic acid which supplies energy to body cells, including muscles. Our findings are consistent with high energy levels, induced by creatine, leading to productivity-enhancing traits such as a high propensity for effort, perseverance, and high-commitment. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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