A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Evolution of acute infection with atypical bacteria in a prospective cohort of children with community-acquired pneumonia receiving amoxicillin
Authors: Nascimento-Carvalho CM, Xavier-Souza G, Vilas-Boas AL, Fontoura MSH, Barral A, Puolakkainen M, Ruuskanen O
Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS
Publication year: 2017
Journal: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Journal name in source: JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
Journal acronym: J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH
Volume: 72
Issue: 8
First page : 2378
Last page: 2384
Number of pages: 7
ISSN: 0305-7453
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkx126
Abstract
Background: Atypical bacteria are treatable causative agents of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, there is no conclusive evidence that a child with CAP should receive empirical treatment against such agents.Objectives: We assessed the possibility of association between clinical failure and acute infection by these bacteria among children with CAP treated with amoxicillin.Patients and methods: Patients aged 2-59 months with non-severe CAP received amoxicillin during prospective follow-up. Acute and convalescent blood samples were collected. Probable acute infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (specific IgM antibodies), by Chlamydia pneumoniae or Chlamydia trachomatis (specific IgM antibodies and/or IgG/IgA titre change) was investigated. Outcomes were assessed during follow-up at 2, 5 and 14-28 days. Treatment failure included development of danger signs, persistent fever, tachypnoea or death. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01200706.Results: Of 787 children, 86 (10.9%; 95% CI = 8.9%-13.3%) had acute M. pneumoniae infection. C. pneumoniae acute infection was found in 79 of 733 (10.8%; 95% CI = 8.7%-13.2%) and C. trachomatis was found in 3 of 28 (10.7%; 95% CI = 2.8%-26.5%),<6months old. Among patients with or without treatment failure at 2 days, acute M. pneumoniae infection (11.7% versus 10.7%; P = 0.7), acute C. pneumoniae infection (8.5% versus 11.3%; P =0.3) and acute C. trachomatis infection (16.7% versus 9.1%; P = 0.5) were found. No significant differences were found with regard to treatment failure at the 5 day evaluation. Overall, amoxicillin was substituted in 3.5% versus 2.7% among patients with orwithout acute infection by one of these bacteria (P = 0.6).Conclusions: The overall substitution rate of amoxicillin was very low. It is not necessary to give an empirical non beta-lactam antibiotic as a first-line option to treat every child between 2 and 59 months old with non-severe CAP.
Background: Atypical bacteria are treatable causative agents of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, there is no conclusive evidence that a child with CAP should receive empirical treatment against such agents.Objectives: We assessed the possibility of association between clinical failure and acute infection by these bacteria among children with CAP treated with amoxicillin.Patients and methods: Patients aged 2-59 months with non-severe CAP received amoxicillin during prospective follow-up. Acute and convalescent blood samples were collected. Probable acute infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (specific IgM antibodies), by Chlamydia pneumoniae or Chlamydia trachomatis (specific IgM antibodies and/or IgG/IgA titre change) was investigated. Outcomes were assessed during follow-up at 2, 5 and 14-28 days. Treatment failure included development of danger signs, persistent fever, tachypnoea or death. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01200706.Results: Of 787 children, 86 (10.9%; 95% CI = 8.9%-13.3%) had acute M. pneumoniae infection. C. pneumoniae acute infection was found in 79 of 733 (10.8%; 95% CI = 8.7%-13.2%) and C. trachomatis was found in 3 of 28 (10.7%; 95% CI = 2.8%-26.5%),<6months old. Among patients with or without treatment failure at 2 days, acute M. pneumoniae infection (11.7% versus 10.7%; P = 0.7), acute C. pneumoniae infection (8.5% versus 11.3%; P =0.3) and acute C. trachomatis infection (16.7% versus 9.1%; P = 0.5) were found. No significant differences were found with regard to treatment failure at the 5 day evaluation. Overall, amoxicillin was substituted in 3.5% versus 2.7% among patients with orwithout acute infection by one of these bacteria (P = 0.6).Conclusions: The overall substitution rate of amoxicillin was very low. It is not necessary to give an empirical non beta-lactam antibiotic as a first-line option to treat every child between 2 and 59 months old with non-severe CAP.
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