A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Effects of EDC crosslinking on the stiffness of dentin hybrid layers evaluated by nanoDMA over time
Authors: Zhang ZH, Mutluay M, Tezvergil-Mutluay A, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Arola D
Publisher: ELSEVIER SCI LTD
Publication year: 2017
Journal: Dental Materials
Journal name in source: DENTAL MATERIALS
Journal acronym: DENT MATER
Volume: 33
Issue: 8
First page : 904
Last page: 914
Number of pages: 11
ISSN: 0109-5641
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2017.04.006
Abstract
Application of collagen cross-linkers to demineralized dentin improves bond durability. While the benefits of cross-linking treatments to bond strength and fatigue resistance have been explored, changes in hybrid layer stiffness with aging have not been examined.Objective. To examine the influence of a cross-linking treatment using 1-ethyl-3-(3dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) on hybrid layer stiffness of resin-dentin adhesive bonds, using spatially-resolved nanoscopic Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (nanoDMA). Methods. Bonded interface specimens were prepared using a two-step (SB) or three-step (SBMP) etch-and-rinse adhesive. Adhesive bonding of the treated groups was preceded by a 1 min application of an experimental EDC conditioner to the acid-etched dentin. Control specimens did not receive EDC treatment. The bonded interfaces were evaluated using nanoDMA to determine the dynamic mechanical properties after storage in artificial saliva at 37 degrees C for 0, 3 and 6 months.Results. The EDC treatment had no influence on the dynamic mechanical properties of the hybrid layer immediately after bonding. There was also no reduction in the hybrid layer stiffness after 3 and 6 months aging as defined by the complex modulus and storage modulus. However, there was a significant reduction in the loss modulus and tans components (i.e. viscous behavior) of the hybrid layers with aging. Degradation occurred to both adhesive systems with storage, but was greatest for SB. Without EDC treatment, the reduction in tans of the hybrid layer prepared with SB exceeded 80% in 6 months.Significance. The application of EDC to acid-etched dentin helps maintain the viscoelasticity of hybrid layers. (C) 2017 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Application of collagen cross-linkers to demineralized dentin improves bond durability. While the benefits of cross-linking treatments to bond strength and fatigue resistance have been explored, changes in hybrid layer stiffness with aging have not been examined.Objective. To examine the influence of a cross-linking treatment using 1-ethyl-3-(3dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) on hybrid layer stiffness of resin-dentin adhesive bonds, using spatially-resolved nanoscopic Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (nanoDMA). Methods. Bonded interface specimens were prepared using a two-step (SB) or three-step (SBMP) etch-and-rinse adhesive. Adhesive bonding of the treated groups was preceded by a 1 min application of an experimental EDC conditioner to the acid-etched dentin. Control specimens did not receive EDC treatment. The bonded interfaces were evaluated using nanoDMA to determine the dynamic mechanical properties after storage in artificial saliva at 37 degrees C for 0, 3 and 6 months.Results. The EDC treatment had no influence on the dynamic mechanical properties of the hybrid layer immediately after bonding. There was also no reduction in the hybrid layer stiffness after 3 and 6 months aging as defined by the complex modulus and storage modulus. However, there was a significant reduction in the loss modulus and tans components (i.e. viscous behavior) of the hybrid layers with aging. Degradation occurred to both adhesive systems with storage, but was greatest for SB. Without EDC treatment, the reduction in tans of the hybrid layer prepared with SB exceeded 80% in 6 months.Significance. The application of EDC to acid-etched dentin helps maintain the viscoelasticity of hybrid layers. (C) 2017 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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