A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Solvent-free "green" amidation of stearic acid for synthesis of biologically active alkylamides over iron supported heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Maki-Arvela P, Zhu J, Kumar N, Eranen K, Aho A, Linden J, Salonen J, Peurla M, Mazur A, Matveev V, Murzin DY
Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
Publication year: 2017
Journal: Applied Catalysis A: General
Journal name in source: APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
Journal acronym: APPL CATAL A-GEN
Volume: 542
First page : 350
Last page: 358
Number of pages: 9
ISSN: 0926-860X
eISSN: 1873-3875
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2017.06.006
Abstract
Stearoyl ethanolamine was synthesized by amidation of stearic acid with ethanolamine in solventless conditions. Iron containing heterogeneous catalysts supported on SiO2, Al2O3, Beta (BEA), ZSM-12 (MTW) and Ferrierite (FER) were used in this work. Sn-modified Ferrierite and H-Ferrierite were also studied for comparison. Fe modified catalysts synthesized using solid state ion-exchange and evaporation impregnation methods, were thoroughly characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, FTIR with pyridine, nitrogen adsorption, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The highest conversion was obtained with Fe-H-FER-20 at 140 degrees C in 1 h giving 61% conversion and 98% selectivity towards the desired amide. The catalytic performance in terms of turnover frequency per mole of iron was achieved with the catalyst exhibiting the largest amount of Fes(3+) species, optimum acidity and a relatively low Bronsted to Lewis acid site ratio.
Stearoyl ethanolamine was synthesized by amidation of stearic acid with ethanolamine in solventless conditions. Iron containing heterogeneous catalysts supported on SiO2, Al2O3, Beta (BEA), ZSM-12 (MTW) and Ferrierite (FER) were used in this work. Sn-modified Ferrierite and H-Ferrierite were also studied for comparison. Fe modified catalysts synthesized using solid state ion-exchange and evaporation impregnation methods, were thoroughly characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, FTIR with pyridine, nitrogen adsorption, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The highest conversion was obtained with Fe-H-FER-20 at 140 degrees C in 1 h giving 61% conversion and 98% selectivity towards the desired amide. The catalytic performance in terms of turnover frequency per mole of iron was achieved with the catalyst exhibiting the largest amount of Fes(3+) species, optimum acidity and a relatively low Bronsted to Lewis acid site ratio.
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