According to the latest National FINRISK study, cholesterol levels in the Finnish population have increased after decades of decline. Unfavourable dietary changes are most likely the main reason behind this development. Reducing serum LDL-cholesterol concentration is a central target in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle changes, especially recommended changes in the diet, can significantly reduce serum levels of total and LDL-cholesterol. Recommended dietary changes include a shift from saturated to unsaturated fats, an increase in the intake of dietary fibre, as well as the use of functional foods with added plant stanols or sterols. According to recent Finnish guidelines on the management of dyslipidaemia, dietary counselling should ideally be given by an authorized nutritionist or a nurse who has been specifically trained. The role of medical doctors is also extremely important as they can motivate their patients to make the recommended changes. Thus, the important role of diet in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases should be discussed every time a doctor meets hypercholesterolaemic patients.