A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Salivary interleukin-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α in relation to periodontitis and glycemic status in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gürsoy UK, Yildiz Çiftlikli S, Könönen E, Gürsoy M, Doğan B.
Publisher: Wiley
Publication year: 2015
Journal: Journal of Diabetes
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
First page : 681
Last page: 688
Number of pages: 8
ISSN: 1753-0393
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.12228
Background
Poorly-controlled glycemic status in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is suggested to play a role in the periodontal inflammatory process by aggregating the local cytokine response. Our objectives were to profile salivary interleukin (IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- levels in subjects with T2DM and to examine their relevance for the periodontal health status and glycemic control levels.
Methods
Unstimulated whole saliva samples, together with full-mouth periodontal recordings (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP %], gingival index [GI], probing pocket depth [PPD], and clinical attachment level [CAL]), were collected from 123 subjects with T2DM. Additionally, demographic and general health parameters, including fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were collected. Salivary IL-17 and TNF- concentrations were analyzed using the Luminex (R)-xMAP technique.
Results
Subjects with poorly-controlled T2DM (HbA1c7) had elevated serum triglyceride (P<0.001) concentration as well as elevated scores of BOP % (P=0.014), PI (P=0.048), GI (P=0.033), and CAL (P=0.003) in comparison to those of well-controlled T2DM (HbA1c<7). When the subjects with detectable salivary IL-17 were categorized in tertiles, the scores of PPD and BOP%, and salivary TNF- concentrations were significantly elevated in the highest (P=0.007, P=0.002 and P<0.001, respectively) and middle (P=0.052, P=0.022, and P=0.003, respectively) tertiles compared to subjects with non-detectable salivary IL-17. The adjusted association between PPD measurements and salivary IL-17 concentrations was significant (P=0.008).
Conclusions
Poorly-controlled glycemic status relates to the severity of periodontal disease in T2DM. The association between PPD and IL-17 in saliva, however, is independent from the effect of glycemic status.