A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Maleimide activation of photon upconverting nanoparticles for bioconjugation
Authors: Liebherr RB, Soukka T, Wolfbeis OS, Gorris HH
Publisher: IOP PUBLISHING LTD
Publication year: 2012
Journal: Nanotechnology
Journal name in source: NANOTECHNOLOGY
Journal acronym: NANOTECHNOLOGY
Article number: ARTN 485103
Number in series: 48
Volume: 23
Issue: 48
Number of pages: 7
ISSN: 0957-4484
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/48/485103
Abstract
Photon upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have become an important new class of optical labels. Their unique property of emitting visible light after photo-excitation with near-infrared radiation enables biological imaging without background interference or cell damage. Biological applications require UCNPs that are dispersible in water and allow the attachment of biomolecules. Oleic acid-coated UCNPs obtained by solvothermal synthesis were functionalized with both hydrophilic PEG and thiol-reactive maleimides, either by ligand exchange or by silanization. Three different types of maleimide-functionalized UCNPs were prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and Raman spectroscopy. Ligand exchange of oleic acid by maleimide-PEG-COOH yielded UCNPs that did not aggregate, were colloidally stable and reacted readily with proteins. Such luminescent labels are required for background-free imaging and many other bioanalytical applications.
Photon upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have become an important new class of optical labels. Their unique property of emitting visible light after photo-excitation with near-infrared radiation enables biological imaging without background interference or cell damage. Biological applications require UCNPs that are dispersible in water and allow the attachment of biomolecules. Oleic acid-coated UCNPs obtained by solvothermal synthesis were functionalized with both hydrophilic PEG and thiol-reactive maleimides, either by ligand exchange or by silanization. Three different types of maleimide-functionalized UCNPs were prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and Raman spectroscopy. Ligand exchange of oleic acid by maleimide-PEG-COOH yielded UCNPs that did not aggregate, were colloidally stable and reacted readily with proteins. Such luminescent labels are required for background-free imaging and many other bioanalytical applications.
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