A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Molecular epidemiology and the evolution of human coxsackievirus A6
Authors: Puenpa J, Vongpunsawad S, Österback R, Waris M, Eriksson E, Albert J, Midgley S, Fischer TK, Eis-Hubinger AM, Cabrerizo M, Gaunt E, Simmonds P, Poovorawan Y
Publisher: MICROBIOLOGY SOC
Publishing place: London
Publication year: 2016
Journal: Journal of General Virology
Journal name in source: JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
Journal acronym: J GEN VIROL
Volume: 97
First page : 3225
Last page: 3231
Number of pages: 7
ISSN: 0022-1317
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000619
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) is a major aetiologic agent for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in recent years. HFMD outbreaks associated with CV-A6 resulted from the evolutionary dynamics of CV-A6 and the appearance of novel recombinant forms (RFs). To examine this, 151 variants collected in 2013 and 2014 from Germany, Spain, Sweden, Denmark and Thailand were genotyped for the VP1 capsid and 3Dpol genes. Analysis of the VP1 gene showed an increasing correspondence between CV-A6 genome recombination and sequence divergence (estimated substitution rate of 8.1 x 10(-3) substitutions site(-1) year(-1) and RF half-life of 3.1 years). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed that recent recombination groups (RF-E, -F, -H, -J and -K) shared a common ancestor (RF-A). Thirty-nine full-length genomes of different RFs revealed recombination breakpoints between the 2A-2C and the 5' UTRs. The emergence of new CV-A6 recombination groups has become widespread in Europe and Asia within the last 8 years.
Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) is a major aetiologic agent for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in recent years. HFMD outbreaks associated with CV-A6 resulted from the evolutionary dynamics of CV-A6 and the appearance of novel recombinant forms (RFs). To examine this, 151 variants collected in 2013 and 2014 from Germany, Spain, Sweden, Denmark and Thailand were genotyped for the VP1 capsid and 3Dpol genes. Analysis of the VP1 gene showed an increasing correspondence between CV-A6 genome recombination and sequence divergence (estimated substitution rate of 8.1 x 10(-3) substitutions site(-1) year(-1) and RF half-life of 3.1 years). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed that recent recombination groups (RF-E, -F, -H, -J and -K) shared a common ancestor (RF-A). Thirty-nine full-length genomes of different RFs revealed recombination breakpoints between the 2A-2C and the 5' UTRs. The emergence of new CV-A6 recombination groups has become widespread in Europe and Asia within the last 8 years.
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